SQL Syntax Summary

ABORT

Aborts the current transaction.

ABORT [WORK | TRANSACTION]

See ABORT for more information.

ALTER AGGREGATE

Changes the definition of an aggregate function

ALTER AGGREGATE <name> ( <type> [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO <new_name>

ALTER AGGREGATE <name> ( <type> [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO <new_owner>

ALTER AGGREGATE <name> ( <type> [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA <new_schema>

See ALTER AGGREGATE for more information.

ALTER CONVERSION

Changes the definition of a conversion.

ALTER CONVERSION <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER CONVERSION <name> OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER CONVERSION for more information.

ALTER DATABASE

Changes the attributes of a database.

ALTER DATABASE <name> [ WITH CONNECTION LIMIT <connlimit> ]

ALTER DATABASE <name> SET <parameter> { TO | = } { <value> | DEFAULT }

ALTER DATABASE <name> RESET <parameter>

ALTER DATABASE <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER DATABASE <name> OWNER TO <new_owner>

See ALTER DATABASE for more information.

ALTER DOMAIN

Changes the definition of a domain.

ALTER DOMAIN <name> { SET DEFAULT <expression> | DROP DEFAULT }

ALTER DOMAIN <name> { SET | DROP } NOT NULL

ALTER DOMAIN <name> ADD <domain_constraint>

ALTER DOMAIN <name> DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> [RESTRICT | CASCADE]

ALTER DOMAIN <name> OWNER TO <new_owner>

ALTER DOMAIN <name> SET SCHEMA <new_schema>

See ALTER DOMAIN for more information.

ALTER EXTENSION

Change the definition of an extension that is registered in a Greenplum database.

ALTER EXTENSION <name> UPDATE [ TO <new_version> ]
ALTER EXTENSION <name> SET SCHEMA <new_schema>
ALTER EXTENSION <name> ADD <member_object>
ALTER EXTENSION <name> DROP <member_object>

where <member_object> is:

  ACCESS METHOD <object_name> |
  AGGREGATE <aggregate_name> ( <aggregate_signature> ) |
  CAST (<source_type> AS <target_type>) |
  COLLATION <object_name> |
  CONVERSION <object_name> |
  DOMAIN <object_name> |
  EVENT TRIGGER <object_name> |
  FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <object_name> |
  FOREIGN TABLE <object_name> |
  FUNCTION <function_name> ( [ [ <argmode> ] [ <argname> ] <argtype> [, ...] ] ) |
  MATERIALIZED VIEW <object_name> |
  OPERATOR <operator_name> (<left_type>, <right_type>) |
  OPERATOR CLASS <object_name> USING <index_method> |
  OPERATOR FAMILY <object_name> USING <index_method> |
  [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE <object_name> |
  SCHEMA <object_name> |
  SEQUENCE <object_name> |
  SERVER <object_name> |
  TABLE <object_name> |
  TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION <object_name> |
  TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY <object_name> |
  TEXT SEARCH PARSER <object_name> |
  TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE <object_name> |
  TRANSFORM FOR <type_name> LANGUAGE <lang_name> |
  TYPE <object_name> |
  VIEW <object_name>

and <aggregate_signature> is:

* | [ <argmode> ] [ <argname> ] <argtype> [ , ... ] |
  [ [ <argmode> ] [ <argname> ] <argtype> [ , ... ] ] 
    ORDER BY [ <argmode> ] [ <argname> ] <argtype> [ , ... ]

See ALTER EXTENSION for more information.

ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE

Changes the definition of an external table.

ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE <name> <action> [, ... ]

where action is one of:

  ADD [COLUMN] <new_column> <type>
  DROP [COLUMN] <column> [RESTRICT|CASCADE]
  ALTER [COLUMN] <column> TYPE <type> [USING <expression>]
  OWNER TO <new_owner>

See ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE for more information.

ALTER FILESPACE

Changes the definition of a filespace.

ALTER FILESPACE <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER FILESPACE <name> OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER FILESPACE for more information.

ALTER FUNCTION

Changes the definition of a function.

ALTER FUNCTION <name> ( [ [<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype> [, ...] ] ) 
   <action> [, ... ] [RESTRICT]

ALTER FUNCTION <name> ( [ [<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype> [, ...] ] )
   RENAME TO <new_name>

ALTER FUNCTION <name> ( [ [<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype> [, ...] ] ) 
   OWNER TO <new_owner>

ALTER FUNCTION <name> ( [ [<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype> [, ...] ] ) 
   SET SCHEMA <new_schema>

See ALTER FUNCTION for more information.

ALTER GROUP

Changes a role name or membership.

ALTER GROUP <groupname> ADD USER <username> [, ... ]

ALTER GROUP <groupname> DROP USER <username> [, ... ]

ALTER GROUP <groupname> RENAME TO <newname>

See ALTER GROUP for more information.

ALTER INDEX

Changes the definition of an index.

ALTER INDEX <name> RENAME TO <new_name>

ALTER INDEX <name> SET TABLESPACE <tablespace_name>

ALTER INDEX <name> SET ( FILLFACTOR = <value> )

ALTER INDEX <name> RESET ( FILLFACTOR )

See ALTER INDEX for more information.

ALTER LANGUAGE

Changes the name of a procedural language.

ALTER LANGUAGE <name> RENAME TO <newname>
ALTER LANGUAGE <name> OWNER TO <new_owner>

See ALTER LANGUAGE for more information.

ALTER OPERATOR

Changes the definition of an operator.

ALTER OPERATOR <name> ( {<lefttype> | NONE} , {<righttype> | NONE} ) 
   OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER OPERATOR for more information.

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS

Changes the definition of an operator class.

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS <name> USING <index_method> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS <name> USING <index_method> OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER OPERATOR CLASS for more information.

ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY

Changes the definition of an operator family.

ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY <name> USING <index_method> ADD
  {  OPERATOR <strategy_number> <operator_name> ( <op_type>, <op_type> ) [ RECHECK ]
    | FUNCTION <support_number> [ ( <op_type> [ , <op_type> ] ) ] <funcname> ( <argument_type> [, ...] )
  } [, ... ]
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY <name> USING <index_method> DROP
  {  OPERATOR s<trategy_number> ( <op_type>, <op_type> ) 
    | FUNCTION <support_number> [ ( <op_type> [ , <op_type> ] ) 
  } [, ... ]

ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY <name> USING <index_method> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY <name> USING <index_method> OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY for more information.

ALTER PROTOCOL

Changes the definition of a protocol.

ALTER PROTOCOL <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER PROTOCOL <name> OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER PROTOCOL for more information.

ALTER RESOURCE GROUP

Changes the limits of a resource group.

ALTER RESOURCE GROUP <name> SET <group_attribute> <value>

See ALTER RESOURCE GROUP for more information.

ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE

Changes the limits of a resource queue.

ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE <name> WITH ( <queue_attribute>=<value> [, ... ] ) 

See ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE for more information.

ALTER ROLE

Changes a database role (user or group).

ALTER ROLE <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER ROLE <name> SET <config_parameter> {TO | =} {<value> | DEFAULT}

ALTER ROLE <name> RESET <config_parameter>

ALTER ROLE <name> RESOURCE QUEUE {<queue_name> | NONE}

ALTER ROLE <name> RESOURCE GROUP {<group_name> | NONE}

ALTER ROLE <name> [ [WITH] <option> [ ... ] ]

See ALTER ROLE for more information.

ALTER SCHEMA

Changes the definition of a schema.

ALTER SCHEMA <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER SCHEMA <name> OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER SCHEMA for more information.

ALTER SEQUENCE

Changes the definition of a sequence generator.

ALTER SEQUENCE <name> [INCREMENT [ BY ] <increment>] 
     [MINVALUE <minvalue> | NO MINVALUE] 
     [MAXVALUE <maxvalue> | NO MAXVALUE] 
     [RESTART [ WITH ] <start>] 
     [CACHE <cache>] [[ NO ] CYCLE] 
     [OWNED BY {<table.column> | NONE}]

ALTER SEQUENCE <name> RENAME TO new\_name

ALTER SEQUENCE <name> SET SCHEMA <new_schema>

See ALTER SEQUENCE for more information.

ALTER TABLE

Changes the definition of a table.

ALTER TABLE [ONLY] <name> RENAME [COLUMN] <column> TO <new_column>

ALTER TABLE <name> RENAME TO <new_name>

ALTER TABLE <name> SET SCHEMA <new_schema>

ALTER TABLE [ONLY] <name> SET 
     DISTRIBUTED BY (<column>, [ ... ] ) 
   | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY 
   | WITH (REORGANIZE=true|false)
 
ALTER TABLE [ONLY] <name> <action> [, ... ]

ALTER TABLE <name>
   [ ALTER PARTITION { <partition_name> | FOR (RANK(<number>)) 
   | FOR (<value>) } [...] ] <partition_action>

where <action> is one of:
                        
  ADD [COLUMN] <column_name data_type> [ DEFAULT <default_expr> ]
      [<column_constraint> [ ... ]]
      [ ENCODING ( <storage_directive> [,...] ) ]
  DROP [COLUMN] <column> [RESTRICT | CASCADE]
  ALTER [COLUMN] <column> TYPE <type> [USING <expression>]
  ALTER [COLUMN] <column> SET DEFAULT <expression>
  ALTER [COLUMN] <column> DROP DEFAULT
  ALTER [COLUMN] <column> { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
  ALTER [COLUMN] <column> SET STATISTICS <integer>
  ADD <table_constraint>
  DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> [RESTRICT | CASCADE]
  DISABLE TRIGGER [<trigger_name> | ALL | USER]
  ENABLE TRIGGER [<trigger_name> | ALL | USER]
  CLUSTER ON <index_name>
  SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
  SET WITHOUT OIDS
  SET (FILLFACTOR = <value>)
  RESET (FILLFACTOR)
  INHERIT <parent_table>
  NO INHERIT <parent_table>
  OWNER TO <new_owner>
  SET TABLESPACE <new_tablespace>

See ALTER TABLE for more information.

ALTER TABLESPACE

Changes the definition of a tablespace.

ALTER TABLESPACE <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER TABLESPACE <name> OWNER TO <newowner>

See ALTER TABLESPACE for more information.

ALTER TYPE

Changes the definition of a data type.

ALTER TYPE <name>
   OWNER TO <new_owner> | SET SCHEMA <new_schema>

See ALTER TYPE for more information.

ALTER USER

Changes the definition of a database role (user).

ALTER USER <name> RENAME TO <newname>

ALTER USER <name> SET <config_parameter> {TO | =} {<value> | DEFAULT}

ALTER USER <name> RESET <config_parameter>

ALTER USER <name> RESOURCE QUEUE {<queue_name> | NONE}

ALTER USER <name> RESOURCE GROUP {<group_name> | NONE}

ALTER USER <name> [ [WITH] <option> [ ... ] ]

See ALTER USER for more information.

ALTER VIEW

Changes the definition of a view.

ALTER VIEW <name> RENAME TO <newname>

See ALTER VIEW for more information.

ANALYZE

Collects statistics about a database.

ANALYZE [VERBOSE] [<table> [ (<column> [, ...] ) ]]

ANALYZE [VERBOSE] {<root_partition_table_name>|<leaf_partition_table_name>} [ (<column> [, ...] )] 

ANALYZE [VERBOSE] ROOTPARTITION {ALL | <root_partition_table_name> [ (<column> [, ...] )]}

See ANALYZE for more information.

BEGIN

Starts a transaction block.

BEGIN [WORK | TRANSACTION] [<transaction_mode>]
      [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

See BEGIN for more information.

CHECKPOINT

Forces a transaction log checkpoint.

CHECKPOINT

See CHECKPOINT for more information.

CLOSE

Closes a cursor.

CLOSE <cursor_name>

See CLOSE for more information.

CLUSTER

Physically reorders a heap storage table on disk according to an index. Not a recommended operation in Greenplum Database.

CLUSTER <indexname> ON <tablename>

CLUSTER <tablename>

CLUSTER

See CLUSTER for more information.

COMMENT

Defines or change the comment of an object.

COMMENT ON
{ TABLE <object_name> |
  COLUMN <table_name.column_name> |
  AGGREGATE <agg_name> (<agg_type> [, ...]) |
  CAST (<sourcetype> AS <targettype>) |
  CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> ON <table_name> |
  CONVERSION <object_name> |
  DATABASE <object_name> |
  DOMAIN <object_name> |
  FILESPACE <object_name> |
  FUNCTION <func_name> ([[<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype> [, ...]]) |
  INDEX <object_name> |
  LARGE OBJECT <large_object_oid> |
  OPERATOR <op> (<leftoperand_type>, <rightoperand_type>) |
  OPERATOR CLASS <object_name> USING <index_method> |
  [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE <object_name> |
  RESOURCE QUEUE <object_name> |
  ROLE <object_name> |
  RULE <rule_name> ON <table_name> |
  SCHEMA <object_name> |
  SEQUENCE <object_name> |
  TABLESPACE <object_name> |
  TRIGGER <trigger_name> ON <table_name> |
  TYPE <object_name> |
  VIEW <object_name> } 
IS '<text>'

See COMMENT for more information.

COMMIT

Commits the current transaction.

COMMIT [WORK | TRANSACTION]

See COMMIT for more information.

COPY

Copies data between a file and a table.

COPY <table> [(<column> [, ...])] FROM {'<file>' | PROGRAM '<command>' | STDIN}
     [ [WITH]  
       [ON SEGMENT]
       [BINARY]
       [OIDS]
       [HEADER]
       [DELIMITER [ AS ] '<delimiter>']
       [NULL [ AS ] '<null string>']
       [ESCAPE [ AS ] '<escape>' | 'OFF']
       [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
       [CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] '<quote>'] 
            [FORCE NOT NULL <column> [, ...]]
       [FILL MISSING FIELDS]
       [[LOG ERRORS]  
       SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT <count> [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

COPY {table [(<column> [, ...])] | (<query>)} TO {'<file>' | PROGRAM '<command>' | STDOUT}
      [ [WITH] 
        [ON SEGMENT]
        [BINARY]
        [OIDS]
        [HEADER]
        [DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter']
        [NULL [ AS ] 'null string']
        [ESCAPE [ AS ] '<escape>' | 'OFF']
        [CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote'] 
             [FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
      [IGNORE EXTERNAL PARTITIONS ]

See COPY for more information.

CREATE AGGREGATE

Defines a new aggregate function.

CREATE [ORDERED] AGGREGATE <name> (<input_data_type> [ , ... ]) 
      ( SFUNC = <sfunc>,
        STYPE = <state_data_type>
        [, PREFUNC = <prefunc>]
        [, FINALFUNC = <ffunc>]
        [, INITCOND = <initial_condition>]
        [, SORTOP = <sort_operator>] )

See CREATE AGGREGATE for more information.

CREATE CAST

Defines a new cast.

CREATE CAST (<sourcetype> AS <targettype>) 
       WITH FUNCTION <funcname> (<argtypes>) 
       [AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]

CREATE CAST (<sourcetype> AS <targettype>) WITHOUT FUNCTION 
       [AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]

See CREATE CAST for more information.

CREATE CONVERSION

Defines a new encoding conversion.

CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION <name> FOR <source_encoding> TO 
     <dest_encoding> FROM <funcname>

See CREATE CONVERSION for more information.

CREATE DATABASE

Creates a new database.

CREATE DATABASE name [ [WITH] [OWNER [=] <dbowner>]
                     [TEMPLATE [=] <template>]
                     [ENCODING [=] <encoding>]
                     [TABLESPACE [=] <tablespace>]
                     [CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ]

See CREATE DATABASE for more information.

CREATE DOMAIN

Defines a new domain.

CREATE DOMAIN <name> [AS] <data_type> [DEFAULT <expression>] 
       [CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>
       | NOT NULL | NULL 
       | CHECK (<expression>) [...]]

See CREATE DOMAIN for more information.

CREATE EXTENSION

Registers an extension in a Greenplum database.

CREATE EXTENSION [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <extension_name>
  [ WITH ] [ SCHEMA <schema_name> ]
           [ VERSION <version> ]
           [ FROM <old_version> ]
           [ CASCADE ]

See CREATE EXTENSION for more information.

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE

Defines a new external table.

CREATE [READABLE] EXTERNAL [TEMPORARY | TEMP] TABLE <table_name>     
    ( <column_name> <data_type> [, ...] | LIKE <other_table >)
     LOCATION ('file://<seghost>[:<port>]/<path>/<file>' [, ...])
       | ('gpfdist://<filehost>[:<port>]/<file_pattern>[#transform=<trans_name>]'
           [, ...]
       | ('gpfdists://<filehost>[:<port>]/<file_pattern>[#transform=<trans_name>]'
           [, ...])
       | ('gphdfs://<hdfs_host>[:port]/<path>/<file>')
       | ('pxf://<path-to-data>?<PROFILE>[&<custom-option>=<value>[...]]'))
       | ('s3://<S3_endpoint>[:<port>]/<bucket_name>/[<S3_prefix>] [region=<S3-region>] [config=<config_file>]')
     [ON MASTER]
     FORMAT 'TEXT' 
           [( [HEADER]
              [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>' | 'OFF']
              [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
              [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>' | 'OFF']
              [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
              [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
          | 'CSV'
           [( [HEADER]
              [QUOTE [AS] '<quote>'] 
              [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
              [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
              [FORCE NOT NULL <column> [, ...]]
              [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>']
              [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
              [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
          | 'AVRO' 
          | 'PARQUET'
          | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<<formatter_specifications>>)
    [ ENCODING '<encoding>' ]
      [ [LOG ERRORS [PERSISTENTLY]] SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT <count>
      [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

CREATE [READABLE] EXTERNAL WEB [TEMPORARY | TEMP] TABLE <table_name>     
   ( <column_name> <data_type> [, ...] | LIKE <other_table >)
      LOCATION ('http://<webhost>[:<port>]/<path>/<file>' [, ...])
    | EXECUTE '<command>' [ON ALL 
                          | MASTER
                          | <number_of_segments>
                          | HOST ['<segment_hostname>'] 
                          | SEGMENT <segment_id> ]
      FORMAT 'TEXT' 
            [( [HEADER]
               [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>' | 'OFF']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>' | 'OFF']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
           | 'CSV'
            [( [HEADER]
               [QUOTE [AS] '<quote>'] 
               [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [FORCE NOT NULL <column> [, ...]]
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
           | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<<formatter specifications>>)
     [ ENCODING '<encoding>' ]
     [ [LOG ERRORS [PERSISTENTLY]] SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT <count>
       [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

CREATE WRITABLE EXTERNAL [TEMPORARY | TEMP] TABLE <table_name>
    ( <column_name> <data_type> [, ...] | LIKE <other_table >)
     LOCATION('gpfdist://<outputhost>[:<port>]/<filename>[#transform=<trans_name>]'
          [, ...])
      | ('gpfdists://<outputhost>[:<port>]/<file_pattern>[#transform=<trans_name>]'
          [, ...])
      | ('gphdfs://<hdfs_host>[:port]/<path>')
      FORMAT 'TEXT' 
               [( [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>' | 'OFF'] )]
          | 'CSV'
               [([QUOTE [AS] '<quote>'] 
               [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [FORCE QUOTE <column> [, ...]] | * ]
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>'] )]
           | 'AVRO' 
           | 'PARQUET'

           | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<<formatter specifications>>)
    [ ENCODING '<write_encoding>' ]
    [ DISTRIBUTED BY (<column>, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]

CREATE WRITABLE EXTERNAL [TEMPORARY | TEMP] TABLE <table_name>
    ( <column_name> <data_type> [, ...] | LIKE <other_table >)
     LOCATION('s3://<S3_endpoint>[:<port>]/<bucket_name>/[<S3_prefix>] [region=<S3-region>] [config=<config_file>]')
      [ON MASTER]
      FORMAT 'TEXT' 
               [( [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>' | 'OFF'] )]
          | 'CSV'
               [([QUOTE [AS] '<quote>'] 
               [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [FORCE QUOTE <column> [, ...]] | * ]
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>'] )]

CREATE WRITABLE EXTERNAL WEB [TEMPORARY | TEMP] TABLE <table_name>
    ( <column_name> <data_type> [, ...] | LIKE <other_table> )
    EXECUTE '<command>' [ON ALL]
    FORMAT 'TEXT' 
               [( [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>' | 'OFF'] )]
          | 'CSV'
               [([QUOTE [AS] '<quote>'] 
               [DELIMITER [AS] '<delimiter>']
               [NULL [AS] '<null string>']
               [FORCE QUOTE <column> [, ...]] | * ]
               [ESCAPE [AS] '<escape>'] )]
           | 'CUSTOM' (Formatter=<<formatter specifications>>)
    [ ENCODING '<write_encoding>' ]
    [ DISTRIBUTED BY (<column>, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]

See CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE for more information.

CREATE FUNCTION

Defines a new function.

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION <name>    
    ( [ [<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype> [ { DEFAULT | = } <defexpr> ] [, ...] ] )
      [ RETURNS { [ SETOF ] rettype 
        | TABLE ([{ argname argtype | LIKE other table }
          [, ...]])
        } ]
    { LANGUAGE <langname>
    | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
    | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
    | NO SQL | CONTAINS SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL
    | [EXTERNAL] SECURITY INVOKER | [EXTERNAL] SECURITY DEFINER
    | COST <execution_cost>
    | SET <configuration_parameter> { TO <value> | = <value> | FROM CURRENT }
    | AS '<definition>'
    | AS '<obj_file>', '<link_symbol>' } ...
    [ WITH ({ DESCRIBE = describe_function
           } [, ...] ) ]

See CREATE FUNCTION for more information.

CREATE GROUP

Defines a new database role.

CREATE GROUP <name> [[WITH] <option> [ ... ]]

See CREATE GROUP for more information.

CREATE INDEX

Defines a new index.

CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX <name> ON <table>
       [USING btree|bitmap|gist]
       ( {<column> | (<expression>)} [<opclass>] [, ...] )
       [ WITH ( FILLFACTOR = <value> ) ]
       [TABLESPACE <tablespace>]
       [WHERE <predicate>]

See CREATE INDEX for more information.

CREATE LANGUAGE

Defines a new procedural language.

CREATE [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE <name>

CREATE [TRUSTED] [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE <name>
       HANDLER <call_handler> [ INLINE <inline_handler> ] [VALIDATOR <valfunction>]

See CREATE LANGUAGE for more information.

CREATE OPERATOR

Defines a new operator.

CREATE OPERATOR <name> ( 
       PROCEDURE = <funcname>
       [, LEFTARG = <lefttype>] [, RIGHTARG = <righttype>]
       [, COMMUTATOR = <com_op>] [, NEGATOR = <neg_op>]
       [, RESTRICT = <res_proc>] [, JOIN = <join_proc>]
       [, HASHES] [, MERGES] )

See CREATE OPERATOR for more information.

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS

Defines a new operator class.

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS <name> [DEFAULT] FOR TYPE <data_type>  
  USING <index_method> AS 
  { 
  OPERATOR <strategy_number> <op_name> [(<op_type>, <op_type>)] [RECHECK]
  | FUNCTION <support_number> <funcname> (<argument_type> [, ...] )
  | STORAGE <storage_type>
  } [, ... ]

See CREATE OPERATOR CLASS for more information.

CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY

Defines a new operator family.

CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY <name>  USING <index_method>  

See CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY for more information.

CREATE PROTOCOL

Registers a custom data access protocol that can be specified when defining a Greenplum Database external table.

CREATE [TRUSTED] PROTOCOL <name> (
   [readfunc='<read_call_handler>'] [, writefunc='<write_call_handler>']
   [, validatorfunc='<validate_handler>' ])

See CREATE PROTOCOL for more information.

CREATE RESOURCE GROUP

Defines a new resource group.

CREATE RESOURCE GROUP <name> WITH (<group_attribute>=<value> [, ... ])

See CREATE RESOURCE GROUP for more information.

CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE

Defines a new resource queue.

CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE <name> WITH (<queue_attribute>=<value> [, ... ])

See CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE for more information.

CREATE ROLE

Defines a new database role (user or group).

CREATE ROLE <name> [[WITH] <option> [ ... ]]

See CREATE ROLE for more information.

CREATE RULE

Defines a new rewrite rule.

CREATE [OR REPLACE] RULE <name> AS ON <event>
  TO <table> [WHERE <condition>] 
  DO [ALSO | INSTEAD] { NOTHING | <command> | (<command>; <command> 
  ...) }

See CREATE RULE for more information.

CREATE SCHEMA

Defines a new schema.

CREATE SCHEMA <schema_name> [AUTHORIZATION <username>] 
   [<schema_element> [ ... ]]

CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION <rolename> [<schema_element> [ ... ]]

See CREATE SCHEMA for more information.

CREATE SEQUENCE

Defines a new sequence generator.

CREATE [TEMPORARY | TEMP] SEQUENCE <name>
       [INCREMENT [BY] <value>] 
       [MINVALUE <minvalue> | NO MINVALUE] 
       [MAXVALUE <maxvalue> | NO MAXVALUE] 
       [START [ WITH ] <start>] 
       [CACHE <cache>] 
       [[NO] CYCLE] 
       [OWNED BY { <table>.<column> | NONE }]

See CREATE SEQUENCE for more information.

CREATE TABLE

Defines a new table.

CREATE [[GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP}] TABLE <table_name> ( 
[ { <column_name> <data_type> [ DEFAULT <default_expr> ] 
   [<column_constraint> [ ... ]
[ ENCODING ( <storage_directive> [,...] ) ]
] 
   | <table_constraint>
   | LIKE <other_table> [{INCLUDING | EXCLUDING} 
                      {DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS}] ...}
   [, ... ] ]
   )
   [ INHERITS ( <parent_table> [, ... ] ) ]
   [ WITH ( <storage_parameter>=<value> [, ... ] )
   [ ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP} ]
   [ TABLESPACE <tablespace> ]
   [ DISTRIBUTED BY (<column>, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]
   [ PARTITION BY <partition_type> (<column>)
       [ SUBPARTITION BY <partition_type> (<column>) ] 
          [ SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE ( <template_spec >) ]
       [...]
    ( <partition_spec> ) 
        | [ SUBPARTITION BY <partition_type> (<column>) ]
          [...]
    ( <partition_spec>
      [ ( <subpartition_spec>
           [(...)] 
         ) ] 
    )

See CREATE TABLE for more information.

CREATE TABLE AS

Defines a new table from the results of a query.

CREATE [ [GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP} ] TABLE <table_name>
   [(<column_name> [, ...] )]
   [ WITH ( <storage_parameter>=<value> [, ... ] ) ]
   [ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP}]
   [TABLESPACE <tablespace>]
   AS <query>
   [DISTRIBUTED BY (<column>, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY]

See CREATE TABLE AS for more information.

CREATE TABLESPACE

Defines a new tablespace.

CREATE TABLESPACE <tablespace_name> [OWNER <username>] 
       FILESPACE <filespace_name>

See CREATE TABLESPACE for more information.

CREATE TYPE

Defines a new data type.

CREATE TYPE <name> AS ( <attribute_name> <data_type> [, ... ] )

CREATE TYPE <name> AS ENUM ( '<label>' [, ... ] )

CREATE TYPE <name> (
    INPUT = <input_function>,
    OUTPUT = <output_function>
    [, RECEIVE = <receive_function>]
    [, SEND = <send_function>]
    [, TYPMOD_IN = <type_modifier_input_function> ]
    [, TYPMOD_OUT = <type_modifier_output_function> ]
    [, INTERNALLENGTH = {<internallength> | VARIABLE}]
    [, PASSEDBYVALUE]
    [, ALIGNMENT = <alignment>]
    [, STORAGE = <storage>]
    [, DEFAULT = <default>]
    [, ELEMENT = <element>]
    [, DELIMITER = <delimiter>] )

CREATE TYPE <name>

See CREATE TYPE for more information.

CREATE USER

Defines a new database role with the LOGIN privilege by default.

CREATE USER <name> [[WITH] <option> [ ... ]]

See CREATE USER for more information.

CREATE VIEW

Defines a new view.

CREATE [OR REPLACE] [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW <name>
       [ ( <column_name> [, ...] ) ]
       AS <query>

See CREATE VIEW for more information.

DEALLOCATE

Deallocates a prepared statement.

DEALLOCATE [PREPARE] <name>

See DEALLOCATE for more information.

DECLARE

Defines a cursor.

DECLARE <name> [BINARY] [INSENSITIVE] [NO SCROLL] CURSOR 
     [{WITH | WITHOUT} HOLD] 
     FOR <query> [FOR READ ONLY]

See DECLARE for more information.

DELETE

Deletes rows from a table.

DELETE FROM [ONLY] <table> [[AS] <alias>]
      [USING <usinglist>]
      [WHERE <condition> | WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor_name> ]

See DELETE for more information.

DISCARD

Discards the session state.

DISCARD { ALL | PLANS | TEMPORARY | TEMP }

See DISCARD for more information.

DROP AGGREGATE

Removes an aggregate function.

DROP AGGREGATE [IF EXISTS] <name> ( <type> [, ...] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP AGGREGATE for more information.

DO

Executes an anonymous code block as a transient anonymous function.

DO [ LANGUAGE <lang_name> ] <code>

See DO for more information.

DROP CAST

Removes a cast.

DROP CAST [IF EXISTS] (<sourcetype> AS <targettype>) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP CAST for more information.

DROP CONVERSION

Removes a conversion.

DROP CONVERSION [IF EXISTS] <name> [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP CONVERSION for more information.

DROP DATABASE

Removes a database.

DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] <name>

See DROP DATABASE for more information.

DROP DOMAIN

Removes a domain.

DROP DOMAIN [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...]  [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP DOMAIN for more information.

DROP EXTENSION

Removes an extension from a Greenplum database.

DROP EXTENSION [ IF EXISTS ] <name> [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

See DROP EXTENSION for more information.

DROP EXTERNAL TABLE

Removes an external table definition.

DROP EXTERNAL [WEB] TABLE [IF EXISTS] <name> [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP EXTERNAL TABLE for more information.

DROP FILESPACE

Removes a filespace.

DROP FILESPACE [IF EXISTS] <filespacename>

See DROP FILESPACE for more information.

DROP FUNCTION

Removes a function.

DROP FUNCTION [IF EXISTS] name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype 
    [, ...] ] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP FUNCTION for more information.

DROP GROUP

Removes a database role.

DROP GROUP [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...]

See DROP GROUP for more information.

DROP INDEX

Removes an index.

DROP INDEX [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP INDEX for more information.

DROP LANGUAGE

Removes a procedural language.

DROP [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE [IF EXISTS] <name> [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP LANGUAGE for more information.

DROP OPERATOR

Removes an operator.

DROP OPERATOR [IF EXISTS] <name> ( {<lefttype> | NONE} , 
    {<righttype> | NONE} ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP OPERATOR for more information.

DROP OPERATOR CLASS

Removes an operator class.

DROP OPERATOR CLASS [IF EXISTS] <name> USING <index_method> [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP OPERATOR CLASS for more information.

DROP OPERATOR FAMILY

Removes an operator family.

DROP OPERATOR FAMILY [IF EXISTS] <name> USING <index_method> [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP OPERATOR FAMILY for more information.

DROP OWNED

Removes database objects owned by a database role.

DROP OWNED BY <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP OWNED for more information.

DROP PROTOCOL

Removes a external table data access protocol from a database.

DROP PROTOCOL [IF EXISTS] <name>

See DROP PROTOCOL for more information.

DROP RESOURCE GROUP

Removes a resource group.

DROP RESOURCE GROUP <group_name>

See DROP RESOURCE GROUP for more information.

DROP RESOURCE QUEUE

Removes a resource queue.

DROP RESOURCE QUEUE <queue_name>

See DROP RESOURCE QUEUE for more information.

DROP ROLE

Removes a database role.

DROP ROLE [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...]

See DROP ROLE for more information.

DROP RULE

Removes a rewrite rule.

DROP RULE [IF EXISTS] <name> ON <relation> [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP RULE for more information.

DROP SCHEMA

Removes a schema.

DROP SCHEMA [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP SCHEMA for more information.

DROP SEQUENCE

Removes a sequence.

DROP SEQUENCE [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP SEQUENCE for more information.

DROP TABLE

Removes a table.

DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP TABLE for more information.

DROP TABLESPACE

Removes a tablespace.

DROP TABLESPACE [IF EXISTS] <tablespacename>

See DROP TABLESPACE for more information.

DROP TYPE

Removes a data type.

DROP TYPE [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP TYPE for more information.

DROP USER

Removes a database role.

DROP USER [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...]

See DROP USER for more information.

DROP VIEW

Removes a view.

DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See DROP VIEW for more information.

END

Commits the current transaction.

END [WORK | TRANSACTION]

See END for more information.

EXECUTE

Executes a prepared SQL statement.

EXECUTE <name> [ (<parameter> [, ...] ) ]

See EXECUTE for more information.

EXPLAIN

Shows the query plan of a statement.

EXPLAIN [ANALYZE] [VERBOSE] <statement>

See EXPLAIN for more information.

FETCH

Retrieves rows from a query using a cursor.

FETCH [ <forward_direction> { FROM | IN } ] <cursorname>

See FETCH for more information.

GRANT

Defines access privileges.

GRANT { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | REFERENCES | 
TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON [TABLE] <tablename> [, ...]
    TO {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON SEQUENCE <sequencename> [, ...]
    TO { <rolename> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL 
[PRIVILEGES] }
    ON DATABASE <dbname> [, ...]
    TO {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <fdwname> [, ...]
    TO { [ GROUP ] <rolename> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON FOREIGN SERVER <servername> [, ...]
    TO { [ GROUP ] <rolename> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON FUNCTION <funcname> ( [ [<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype> [, ...] 
] ) [, ...]
    TO {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON LANGUAGE <langname> [, ...]
    TO {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON SCHEMA <schemaname> [, ...]
    TO {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON TABLESPACE <tablespacename> [, ...]
    TO {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT <parent_role> [, ...] 
    TO <member_role> [, ...] [WITH ADMIN OPTION]

GRANT { SELECT | INSERT | ALL [PRIVILEGES] } 
    ON PROTOCOL <protocolname>
    TO <username>

See GRANT for more information.

INSERT

Creates new rows in a table.

INSERT INTO <table> [( <column> [, ...] )]
   {DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( {<expression> | DEFAULT} [, ...] ) 
   [, ...] | <query>}

See INSERT for more information.

LOAD

Loads or reloads a shared library file.

LOAD '<filename>'

See LOAD for more information.

LOCK

Locks a table.

LOCK [TABLE] name [, ...] [IN <lockmode> MODE] [NOWAIT]

See LOCK for more information.

MOVE

Positions a cursor.

MOVE [ <forward_direction> {FROM | IN} ] <cursorname>

See MOVE for more information.

PREPARE

Prepare a statement for execution.

PREPARE <name> [ (<datatype> [, ...] ) ] AS <statement>

See PREPARE for more information.

REASSIGN OWNED

Changes the ownership of database objects owned by a database role.

REASSIGN OWNED BY <old_role> [, ...] TO <new_role>

See REASSIGN OWNED for more information.

REINDEX

Rebuilds indexes.

REINDEX {INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM} <name>

See REINDEX for more information.

RELEASE SAVEPOINT

Destroys a previously defined savepoint.

RELEASE [SAVEPOINT] <savepoint_name>

See RELEASE SAVEPOINT for more information.

RESET

Restores the value of a system configuration parameter to the default value.

RESET <configuration_parameter>

RESET ALL

See RESET for more information.

REVOKE

Removes access privileges.

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE 
       | REFERENCES | TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON [TABLE] <tablename> [, ...]
       FROM {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...] 
       | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON SEQUENCE <sequencename> [, ...]
       FROM { <rolename> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | CONNECT 
       | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON DATABASE <dbname> [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
       ON FUNCTION <funcname> ( [[<argmode>] [<argname>] <argtype>
                              [, ...]] ) [, ...]
       FROM {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
       ON LANGUAGE <langname> [, ...]
       FROM {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...] 
       | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON SCHEMA <schemaname> [, ...]
       FROM {<rolename> | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON TABLESPACE <tablespacename> [, ...]
       FROM { <rolename> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [ADMIN OPTION FOR] <parent_role> [, ...] 
       FROM <member_role> [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See REVOKE for more information.

ROLLBACK

Aborts the current transaction.

ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION]

See ROLLBACK for more information.

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

Rolls back the current transaction to a savepoint.

ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION] TO [SAVEPOINT] <savepoint_name>

See ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT for more information.

SAVEPOINT

Defines a new savepoint within the current transaction.

SAVEPOINT <savepoint_name>

See SAVEPOINT for more information.

SELECT

Retrieves rows from a table or view.

[ WITH [ RECURSIVE1 ] <with_query> [, ...] ]
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON (<expression> [, ...])]]
  * | <expression >[[AS] <output_name>] [, ...]
  [FROM <from_item> [, ...]]
  [WHERE <condition>]
  [GROUP BY <grouping_element> [, ...]]
  [HAVING <condition> [, ...]]
  [WINDOW <window_name> AS (<window_specification>)]
  [{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] <select>]
  [ORDER BY <expression> [ASC | DESC | USING <operator>] [NULLS {FIRST | LAST}] [, ...]]
  [LIMIT {<count> | ALL}]
  [OFFSET <start>]
  [FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF <table_name> [, ...]] [NOWAIT] [...]]

See SELECT for more information.

SELECT INTO

Defines a new table from the results of a query.

[ WITH [ RECURSIVE1 ] <with_query> [, ...] ]
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON ( <expression> [, ...] )]]
    * | <expression> [AS <output_name>] [, ...]
    INTO [TEMPORARY | TEMP] [TABLE] <new_table>
    [FROM <from_item> [, ...]]
    [WHERE <condition>]
    [GROUP BY <expression> [, ...]]
    [HAVING <condition> [, ...]]
    [{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] <select>]
    [ORDER BY <expression> [ASC | DESC | USING <operator>] [NULLS {FIRST | LAST}] [, ...]]
    [LIMIT {<count> | ALL}]
    [OFFSET <start>]
    [FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF <table_name> [, ...]] [NOWAIT] 
    [...]]

See SELECT INTO for more information.

SET

Changes the value of a Greenplum Database configuration parameter.

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] <configuration_parameter> {TO | =} <value> | 
    '<value>' | DEFAULT}

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] TIME ZONE {<timezone> | LOCAL | DEFAULT}

See SET for more information.

SET ROLE

Sets the current role identifier of the current session.

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE <rolename>

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE NONE

RESET ROLE

See SET ROLE for more information.

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

Sets the session role identifier and the current role identifier of the current session.

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION <rolename>

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT

RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

See SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION for more information.

SET TRANSACTION

Sets the characteristics of the current transaction.

SET TRANSACTION [<transaction_mode>] [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION <transaction_mode> 
     [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

See SET TRANSACTION for more information.

SHOW

Shows the value of a system configuration parameter.

SHOW <configuration_parameter>

SHOW ALL

See SHOW for more information.

START TRANSACTION

Starts a transaction block.

START TRANSACTION [SERIALIZABLE | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED]
                  [READ WRITE | READ ONLY]

See START TRANSACTION for more information.

TRUNCATE

Empties a table of all rows.

TRUNCATE [TABLE] <name> [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

See TRUNCATE for more information.

UPDATE

Updates rows of a table.

UPDATE [ONLY] <table> [[AS] <alias>]
   SET {<column> = {<expression> | DEFAULT} |
   (<column> [, ...]) = ({<expression> | DEFAULT} [, ...])} [, ...]
   [FROM <fromlist>]
   [WHERE <condition >| WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor_name> ]

See UPDATE for more information.

VACUUM

Garbage-collects and optionally analyzes a database.

VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] [<table>]

VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] ANALYZE
              [<table> [(<column> [, ...] )]]

See VACUUM for more information.

VALUES

Computes a set of rows.

VALUES ( <expression> [, ...] ) [, ...]
   [ORDER BY <sort_expression> [ASC | DESC | USING <operator>] [, ...]]
   [LIMIT {<count> | ALL}] [OFFSET <start>]

See VALUES for more information.

Parent topic: SQL Command Reference