Because Composer creates desktop images that share virtual disks with a base image, you can reduce the required storage capacity by 50 to 90 percent.
Composer uses a base image, or parent virtual machine, and creates a pool of up to 2,000 linked-clone virtual machines. Each linked clone acts like an independent desktop, with a unique host name and IP address, yet the linked clone requires significantly less storage.
Replica and Linked Clones on the Same Datastore
When you create a linked-clone desktop pool or farm of Microsoft RDS hosts, a full clone is first made from the parent virtual machine. The full clone, or replica, and the clones linked to it can be placed on the same data store, or LUN (logical unit number). If necessary, you can use the rebalance feature to move the replica and linked-clone desktop pools from one LUN to another or to move linked-clone desktop pools to a vSAN datastore or from a vSAN datastore to a LUN.
Replica and Linked Clones on Different Datastores
Alternatively, you can place Composer replicas and linked clones on separate datastores with different performance characteristics. For example, you can store the replica virtual machines on a solid-state drive (SSD). Solid-state drives have low storage capacity and high read performance, typically supporting tens of thousands of I/Os per second (IOPS). You can store linked clones on traditional, spinning media-backed datastores. These disks provide lower performance, but are less expensive and provide higher storage capacity, which makes them suited for storing the many linked clones in a large pool. Tiered storage configurations can be used to cost-effectively handle intensive I/O scenarios such as simultaneous rebooting of many virtual machines or running scheduled antivirus scans.
For more information, see the best-practices guide called Storage Considerations for VMware View.
If you use vSAN datastores or Virtual Volumes datastores, you cannot manually select different datastores for replicas and linked clones. Because the vSAN and Virtual Volumes features automatically place objects on the appropriate type of disk and cache of all I/O operations, there is no need to use replica tiering for vSAN and Virtual Volumes datastores.
Disposable Disks for Paging and Temp Files
When you create a linked-clone pool or farm, you can also optionally configure a separate, disposable virtual disk to store the guest operating system's paging and temp files that are generated during user sessions. When the virtual machine is powered off, the disposable disk is deleted. Using disposable disks can save storage space by slowing the growth of linked clones and reducing the space used by powered off virtual machines.
Persistent Disks for Dedicated Desktops
When you create dedicated-assignment desktop pools, Composer can also optionally create a separate persistent virtual disk for each virtual desktop. The end user's Windows profile and application data are saved on the persistent disk. When a linked clone is refreshed, recomposed, or rebalanced, the contents of the persistent virtual disk are preserved. VMware recommends that you keep Composer persistent disks on a separate datastore. You can then back up the whole LUN that holds persistent disks.
Local Datastores for Floating, Stateless Desktops
Linked-clone desktops can be stored on local datastores, which are internal spare disks on ESXi hosts. Local storage offers advantages such as inexpensive hardware, fast virtual-machine provisioning, high-performance power operations, and simple management. However, using local storage limits the vSphere infrastructure configuration options that are available to you. Using local storage is beneficial in certain environments but not appropriate in others.
Using local datastores is most likely to work well if the remote desktops in your environment are stateless. For example, you might use local datastores if you deploy stateless kiosks or classroom and training stations.
If you intend to take advantage of the benefits of local storage, you must carefully consider the following limitations:
- You cannot use VMotion, VMware High Availability (HA), or vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS).
- You cannot use the Composer rebalance operation to load-balance virtual machines across a resource pool.
- You cannot store a Composer replica and linked clones on separate datastores, and, in fact, VMware recommends storing them on the same volume.
If you manage local disk usage by controlling the number of virtual machines and their disk growth, and if you use floating assignments and perform regular refresh and delete operations, you can successfully deploy linked clones to local datastores.
For more information, see the chapter about creating desktop pools in the Setting Up Virtual Desktops in Horizon 7 document.