This topic serves as a checklist for preparing to upgrade VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition from v1.11 to v1.12.

Overview

This topic describes the steps that you must follow before beginning your TKGI upgrade.

Warning: Failure to follow these instructions may jeopardize your existing deployment data and cause the TKGI upgrade to fail.

To prepare for a TKGI Upgrade:

  1. Back Up Your TKGI Deployment
  2. Review What Happens During TKGI Upgrades
  3. Review Changes in TKGI
  4. Determine Upgrade Order (vSphere Only)
  5. Set User Expectations and Restrict Cluster Access
  6. Update Default Scanner
  7. Upgrade All Clusters
  8. Verify Your Clusters Support Upgrading
  9. Verify Health of Kubernetes Environment
  10. Verify Your Environment Configuration
  11. Clean Up or Fix Failed Kubernetes Clusters
  12. Verify Kubernetes Clusters Have Unique External Hostnames
  13. Verify TKGI Proxy Configuration
  14. Check PodDisruptionBudget Value
  15. (Optional) Configure Node Drain Behavior

After completing the steps in this topic, continue to Upgrading Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition (Antrea and Flannel Networking) or Upgrading Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition (NSX-T Networking).

Back Up Your Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition Deployment

VMware recommends backing up your Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition deployment and workloads before upgrading. To back up Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition, see Backing Up and Restoring Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition.

Review What Happens During Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition Upgrades

If you have not already done so, review About Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition Upgrades.

Plan your upgrade based on your workload capacity and uptime requirements.

Review Changes in Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition v1.12

Review the Release Notes for Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition v1.12.

Determine Upgrade Order (vSphere Only)

To determine the upgrade order for your Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition environment, review Upgrade Order for Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition Environments on vSphere.

Set User Expectations and Restrict Cluster Access

Coordinate the Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition upgrade with cluster admins and users. During the upgrade:

  • Their workloads will remain active and accessible.

  • They will be unable to perform cluster management functions, including creating, resizing, updating, and deleting clusters.

  • They will be unable to log in to TKGI or use the TKGI CLI and other TKGI control plane services.

Note: Cluster admins should not start any cluster management tasks right before an upgrade. Wait for cluster operations to complete before upgrading.

Update Default Scanner

The built-in Clair container image scanner is deprecated in favor of Trivy. If you have enabled Clair, do one of the following before upgrading to Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition v1.12:

  • Install the Harbor tile v2.2.1 and select the Trivy scanner as the default in “Interrogation Service”. For more information about the Harbor tile, see the VMware Harbor Registry documentation.

  • Install the Clair scanner outside of the Harbor tile VM and configure the Clair scanner as the default scanner in “Interrogation Service”. For more information, see Getting Started With Clair in the Clair documentation.

Upgrade All Clusters

Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition v1.12 does not support clusters running versions of TKGI earlier than v1.11.

Before you upgrade from Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition v1.11 to v1.12, you must upgrade all of your TKGI-provisioned clusters to v1.11.

To upgrade TKGI-provisioned clusters:

  1. Check the version of your clusters:

    tkgi clusters

  2. If one or more of your clusters are running a version of TKGI earlier than v1.11, upgrade the clusters. For instructions, see Upgrading Clusters.

Note: When upgrading TKGI to mitigate the Apache Log4j vulnerability you must also upgrade all TKGI clusters.

Verify Your Clusters Support Upgrading

It is critical that you confirm that a cluster’s resource usage is within the recommended maximum limits before upgrading the cluster.

VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition upgrades a cluster by upgrading control plane and worker nodes individually. The upgrade processes a control plane node by redistributing the node’s workload, stopping the node, upgrading it and restoring its workload. This redistribution of a node’s workloads increases the resource usage on the remaining nodes during the upgrade process.

If a Kubernetes cluster control plane VM is operating too close to capacity, the upgrade can fail.

Warning: Downtime is required to repair a cluster failure resulting from upgrading an overloaded Kubernetes cluster control plane VM.

To prevent workload downtime during a cluster upgrade, complete the following before upgrading a cluster:

  1. Ensure none of the control plane VMs being upgraded will become overloaded during the cluster upgrade. See Control Plane Node VM Size for more information.

  2. Review the cluster’s workload resource usage.

  3. Scale up the cluster if it is near capacity on its existing infrastructure. Scale up your cluster by running the command below or create a new cluster using a larger plan. For more information, see Changing Cluster Configurations.

    tkgi update-cluster CLUSTER-NAME --num-nodes NUMBER-OF-WORKER-NODES

    Where:

    • CLUSTER-NAME is the name of your cluster.
    • NUMBER-OF-WORKER-NODES is the number of worker nodes that you want to set for the cluster.

      Note: VMware recommends that you avoid using the tkgi resize command to perform resizing operations.

  4. Run the cluster’s workloads on at least three worker VMs using multiple replicas of your workloads spread across those VMs. For more information, see Maintaining Workload Uptime.

Verify Health of Kubernetes Environment

Verify that your Kubernetes environment is healthy. To verify the health of your Kubernetes environment, see Verifying Deployment Health.

Verify Your Environment Configuration

If you are upgrading Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition, verify the configuration of your environment supports the TKGI version you are installing:

If you are using Flannel networking, this verification step is unnecessary.

Verify Your vSphere with NSX-T Configuration

If you are upgrading Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition for environments using vSphere with NSX-T, perform the following steps:

  1. Verify that the vSphere datastores have enough space.
  2. Verify that the vSphere hosts have enough memory.
  3. Verify that there are no alarms in vSphere.
  4. Verify that the vSphere hosts are in a good state.
  5. Verify that NSX Edge is configured for high availability.

    Note: Workloads in your Kubernetes cluster are unavailable while the NSX Edge nodes run the upgrade unless you configure NSX Edge for high availability. For more information, see the Configure NSX Edge for High Availability (HA) section of Preparing NSX-T Before Deploying Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition.

Verify Your Antrea Environment Configuration

If you are upgrading Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition in an environment using Antrea networking, perform the following steps:

  1. Verify the 6081 UDP port is open on all worker node VMs.
  2. Verify the 8091 TCP port is open on all control plane node VMs.
  3. Verify your environment configuration meets the Antrea networking requirements. For more information, see Network Requirements in the Antrea GitHub repository.

Note: Port 6081 must be open on all of the worker node VMs and port 8091 must be open on all control plane node VMs in the clusters you create in an Antrea networking environment.

Clean Up or Fix Failed Kubernetes Clusters

Clean up or fix any previous failed attempts to create TKGI clusters with the TKGI Command Line Interface (TKGI CLI) by performing the following steps:

  1. View your deployed clusters by running the following command:

    tkgi clusters

    If the Status of any cluster displays as FAILED, continue to the next step. If no cluster displays as FAILED, no action is required. Continue to the next section.

  2. To troubleshoot and fix failed clusters, perform the procedure in Cluster Creation Fails.

  3. To clean up failed BOSH deployments related to failed clusters, perform the procedure in Cannot Re-Create a Cluster that Failed to Deploy.

  4. After fixing and cleaning up any failed clusters, view your deployed clusters again by running tkgi clusters.

For more information about troubleshooting and fixing failed clusters, see the Knowledge Base.

Verify Kubernetes Clusters Have Unique External Hostnames

Verify that existing Kubernetes clusters have unique external hostnames by checking for multiple Kubernetes clusters with the same external hostname. Perform the following steps:

  1. Log in to the TKGI CLI. For more information, see Logging in to Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition. You must log in with an account that has the UAA scope of pks.clusters.admin. For more information about UAA scopes, see Managing Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition Users with UAA.

  2. View your deployed TKGI clusters by running the following command:

    tkgi clusters

  3. For each deployed cluster, run tkgi cluster CLUSTER-NAME to view the details of the cluster. For example:

     $ tkgi cluster my-cluster
    Examine the output to verify that the Kubernetes Master Host is unique for each cluster.

Verify TKGI Proxy Configuration

Verify your current TKGI proxy configuration by performing the following steps:

  1. Check whether an existing proxy is enabled:

    1. Log in to Ops Manager.
    2. Click the VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition tile.
    3. Click Networking.
    4. If HTTP/HTTPS Proxy is Disabled, no action is required. Continue to the next section. If HTTP/HTTPS Proxy is Enabled, continue to the next step.

  2. If the existing No Proxy field contains any of the following values, or you plan to add any of the following values, contact Support:

    • localhost
    • Hostnames containing dashes, such as my-host.mydomain.com

Check PodDisruptionBudget Value

Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition upgrades can run without ever completing if any Kubernetes app has a PodDisruptionBudget with maxUnavailable set to 0.

To ensure that no apps have a PodDisruptionBudget with maxUnavailable set to 0:

  1. Run the following kubectl command to verify the PodDisruptionBudget as the cluster administrator:

    kubectl get poddisruptionbudgets --all-namespaces

  2. Examine the output to verify that no app displays 0 in the MAX UNAVAILABLE column.

(Optional) Configure Node Drain Behavior

During the Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition upgrade process, worker nodes are cordoned and drained. Workloads can prevent worker nodes from draining and cause the upgrade to fail or hang.

To prevent hanging cluster upgrades, you can configure default node drain behavior using the following methods:

The new default behavior takes effect during the next upgrade, not immediately after configuring the behavior.

Configure with the TKGI Tile

To configure node drain behavior in the Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Integrated Edition tile, see Worker Node Hangs Indefinitely in Troubleshooting.

Configure with the TKGI CLI

To configure default node drain behavior with the TKGI CLI:

  1. View the current node drain behavior by running the following command:

    tkgi cluster CLUSTER-NAME --details

    Where CLUSTER-NAME is the name of your cluster.

    For example: 

    $ tkgi cluster my-cluster –details
    
Name:                     my-cluster
     Plan Name:                small
     UUID:                     f55ed6c4-c0a7-451d-b735-56c89fdb2ad7
     Last Action:              CREATE
     Last Action State:        succeeded
     Last Action Description:  Instance provisioning completed
     Kubernetes Master Host:   my-cluster.tkgi.local
     Kubernetes Master Port:   8443
     Worker Nodes:             3
     Kubernetes Master IP(s):  10.196.219.88
     Network Profile Name:
     Kubernetes Settings Details:
     Set by Cluster:
     Kubelet Node Drain timeout (mins)            (kubelet-drain-timeout):               10
     Kubelet Node Drain grace-period (mins)       (kubelet-drain-grace-period):          10
     Kubelet Node Drain force                     (kubelet-drain-force):                 true
     Set by Plan:
     Kubelet Node Drain force-node                (kubelet-drain-force-node):            true
     Kubelet Node Drain ignore-daemonsets         (kubelet-drain-ignore-daemonsets):     true
     Kubelet Node Drain delete-local-data         (kubelet-drain-delete-local-data):     true

  2. Configure the default node drain behavior by running the following command:

    tkgi update-cluster CLUSTER-NAME FLAG

    Where:

    • CLUSTER-NAME is the name of your cluster.
    • FLAG is an action flag for updating the node drain behavior.

    For example: 

    $ tkgi update-cluster my-cluster –kubelet-drain-timeout 1 –kubelet-drain-grace-period 5
    
Update summary for cluster my-cluster:
     Kubelet Drain Timeout: 1
     Kubelet Drain Grace Period: 5
     Are you sure you want to continue? (y/n): y
     Use ‘tkgi cluster my-cluster’ to monitor the state of your cluster

    For a list of the available action flags for setting node drain behavior, see tkgi update-cluster in TKGI CLI.

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