Configure SaltStack SecOps

vRealize Automation SaltStack SecOps is add-on for SaltStack Config that provides two security libraries. Both content libraries update regularly as security standards change. You can configure content to download (or ingest) automatically as security standards change, which is recommended for most standard systems.

The following types of content are provided as part of SaltStack SecOps:

• Compliance - Automated compliance detection and remediation for your infrastructure. The compliance content library consists of industry best-practice security and compliance content, such as CIS.
• Vulnerability - Manages vulnerabilities on all the systems in your environment. Its content library includes advisories based on the latest Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) entries.

As an alternative, the library includes the option to download content manually, or to access content from the RaaS node via an HTTP(s) proxy. Manual ingestion is useful for air-gapped systems, while downloading via proxy is useful to avoid downloading content directly from the internet. Downloading via proxy also provides more control and visibility into what’s being downloaded and where.

Before you start

Configuring SaltStack SecOps is one post-installation step in a series of several steps that should be followed in a specific order. First, complete one of the installation scenarios and then read the following post-installation pages:

• Install the license key
• Install and configure the Master Plugin
• Check the RaaS configuration file
• Log in for the first time and change default credentials
• Accept the Salt master key and back up data
• Set up SSL certificates

Install Python 3 rpm libraries

SaltStack SecOps uses the Python 3 rpm libraries to reliably compare package versions. These programs need the increased accuracy provided by these libraries to determine version compliance or assess vulnerabilities.

Currently, any minions using RedHat or CentOS 7 might need the Python 3 rpm libraries in order to run accurate compliance or vulnerability assessments. If you intend to run assessments on minions that use these versions of RedHat or CentOS, you need to manually install the Python 3 rpm library on these machines.

Note:

Other workarounds are available. If you need an alternate workaround, Contact Support.

To install the Python 3 rpm library on the Salt master running the Master Plugin:

1. Install the EPEL repository using the following command:

   yum install -y epel-release

2. Install the Python 3 rpm library:

   yum install -y python3-rpm

Automatic content ingestion for standard systems

For non-air-gapped RaaS systems, content is downloaded and ingested on a periodic basis as determined by the settings in the configuration file. By default, automatic content ingestion is already configured in SaltStack Config and no further action is required.

If you installed SaltStack Config manually, follow these steps to configure automatic SaltStack SecOps content ingestion:

1. Add the following to the RaaS service configuration file /etc/raas/raas in the sec section, adapting it as necessary:

   sec:
     stats_snapshot_interval: 3600
     username: secops
     content_url: https://enterprise.saltstack.com/secops_downloads
     ingest_saltstack_override: true
     ingest_custom_override: true
     locke_dir: locke
     post_ingest_cleanup: true
     download_enabled: true
     download_frequency: 86400
     compile_stats_interval: 10
     archive_interval: 300
     old_policy_file_lifespan: 2
     delete_old_policy_files_interval: 86400
     ingest_on_boot: true
     content_lock_timeout: 60
     content_lock_block_timeout: 120

2. Save the file.
3. Restart the RaaS service:

   systemctl restart raas

   After the service restarts, SaltStack SecOps content begins to download. This may take up to five minutes, depending on your internet connection.

Ingesting content via http(s) proxy

For ingestion via proxy, you’ll need to create an override to the RaaS service and add new environment variables for httpproxy and httpsproxy.

To configure the RaaS node to use https proxy:

1. Complete the previous steps to enable automatic ingestion.
2. On the master in the command line, edit the RaaS service:

   systemctl edit raas

3. Add the following lines to the generated file.

   [Service]
   Environment="http_proxy=http://<hostname>:234"
   Environment="https_proxy=https://<hostname>:234"
   Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://<hostname>:234"
   Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://<hostname>:234"

4. If your proxy requires password authentication, you may need to set this as part of the proxy environment variables. For example:

   Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://USER:PASSWORD@<hostname>:234"

5. If your proxy uses an internal Certificate Authority, you may also need to set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable to ensure that the proxy is able to use it. For example:

   Environment="REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt"

6. Restart the RaaS service:

   systemctl restart raas

After the service restarts, content begins to download. This may take up to 20 minutes.

Manual content ingestion for SaltStack SecOps Compliance

If your environment is air-gapped, which means it cannot connect to an external site to download updates, you must manually update SaltStack SecOps Compliance content by downloading the tarball from Customer Connect and transferring it to your RaaS node.

Also, if your system is air-gapped, change the download configuration setting in the RaaS configuration file to False:

sec:
  download_enabled: False

The RaaS configuration file is located in /etc/raas/raas. You might also need to restart the RaaS service after applying these configuration settings:

systemctl restart raas

To manually ingest the SaltStack SecOps Compliance tarball:

1. Download the SaltStack SecOps Compliance content.
2. Log in to an RaaS node.
3. Copy the compliance content tarball to the RaaS node in the tmp folder.

   This content could be delivered by email or any other means.

4. Ingest the tarball contents.

   su - raas -c "raas ingest /path/to/locke.tar.gz.e"

   This returns:

   Extracting: /tmp/locke.tar.gz -> /tmp/extracted-1551290468.5497127
   
   Cleaning up: /tmp/extracted-1551290468.5497127
   
   Results:
   
   {'errors': [], 'success': True}

Manual content ingestion for SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability

If your environment is air-gapped, which means it cannot connect to an external site to download updates, you must manually update SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content by downloading the tarball from Customer Connect and transferring it to your RaaS node.

Also, if your system is air-gapped, change the download configuration setting in the RaaS configuration file to False:

sec:
  download_enabled: False

The RaaS configuration file is located in /etc/raas/raas. You might also need to restart the RaaS service after applying these configuration settings:

systemctl restart raas

To manually ingest the SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability tarball:

1. Download the SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content.
2. Log in to an RaaS node.
3. Copy the vulnerability content tarball to the RaaS node in the tmp folder.

   This content could be delivered by email or any other means.

4. Ingest the tarball contents, replacing the name of the tarball in this command with the exact file name of the tarball:

   su - raas -c "raas vman_ingest /tmp/vman_date_example123.tar.gz.e"

   This returns:

   'adv': {'error': 0, 'success': 60334},
     'adv_cve_xref': {'error': 0, 'success': 243781},
     'cve': {'error': 0, 'success': 162251},
     'pkgfile': {'error': 0, 'success': 42},
     'py': {'error': 0, 'success': 7},
     'sls': {'error': 0, 'success': 3}

Troubleshooting manual ingestion

If you try running the manual ingestion commands for either SaltStack SecOps Compliance or SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content, you might see an error message similar to this message:

/home/centos/locke_date_example123.tar.gz.e not found or not readable

This error message sometimes appears if you do not place the tarball in the tmp folder. Placing the tarball in the tmp folder resolves the issue.

Set up Splunk integration

SaltStack Config integrates the vulnerability library with Splunk to help you optimize and secure your digital infrastructure using the SaltStack Config Add-On for Splunk Enterprise. The add-on is available on Splunkbase, and requires SaltStack Config version 6.3 or higher.

The SaltStack Config add-on in Splunk takes advantage of a Prometheus-compatible metrics endpoint which reports over 25 unique SaltStack Config metrics. These metrics provide insight into the health of your infrastructure. Accessing them in Splunk is useful for monitoring for outages, identifying abnormal activity, and more. It also gives you the ability to take automated actions based on a specific Splunk event using SaltStack Config.

For instructions on how to install and configure the add-on, see the full add-on documentation in the VMware knowledge base.

For more on the SaltStack Config metrics endpoint, see the product documentation forSaltStack SecOps.

Configuration options

The following table describes the configuration options available for compliance content:

Option	Description
stats_snapshot_interval	How often (in seconds) SaltStack SecOps Compliance stats will be collected
compile_stats_interval	How often (in seconds) SaltStack SecOps Compliance stats will be compiled
username	Username to use when connecting to SaltStack Config to download the most recent SSaltStack SecOps Compliance content (default: secops)
content_url	URL used to download SaltStack SecOps Compliance content
ingest_override	When ingesting new content, overwrite existing benchmarks and checks (default: True)
locke_dir	Path where ingestion expects to find new content (default: locke). If you use a relative path (no leading /), then it is relative to the RaaS service cache dir /var/lib/raas/cache
post_ingest_cleanup	Remove the expanded content from the file system after ingestion (default: True)
download_enabled	Whether SaltStack SecOps Compliance content downloads are allowed (default: True). Set this to False for air gapped systems.
download_frequency	How often in seconds will the RaaS service attempt to download SaltStack SecOps Compliance content (default: 86400 for 24 hours)
ingest_on_boot	Should the RaaS service attempt to download SaltStack SecOps Compliance content on boot? (default: True)
content_lock_timeout	How long in seconds will content download locks last (default: 60)
content_lock_block_timeout	How long in seconds will content download locks block before failing (default: 120)

The following table describes the configuration options that are available for vulnerability content:

Option	Description
vman_dir	Location where SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content is expanded before ingestion. If the path is relative (no leading /), then it is relative to the RaaS service cache dir /var/lib/raas/cache
download_enabled	If True, SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content downloading is enabled. Set to False for air gapped systems
download_frequency	The frequency in seconds of automated SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content downloads and ingestion
username	Username used to log in to enterprise.saltstack.com to get content
content_url	URL from which SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content will be downloaded
ingest_on_boot	If True, SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability content will be downloaded and ingested soon after the RaaS service boots (default: True)
compile_stats_interval	How often (in seconds) SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability stats will be compiled
stats_snapshot_interval	How often (in seconds) SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability stats will be collected
old_policy_file_lifespan	Lifespan (in days) of old policy files that will remain in the RaaS file system
delete_old_policy_files_interval	How often (in seconds) old SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability policy files will be deleted from the RaaS file system
tenable_asset_import_enabled	If True, minion grains in SaltStack Config will be sent to Tenable.io for matching assets (default: True)
tenable_asset_import_grains	List of minion grains to send to Tenable.io, if tenable asset import is enabled. SaltStack SecOps Vulnerability supports only fqdn, ipv4, ipv6, and hostname out of the box, however you can send other information by defining custom grains. For more on grains, including how to write custom grains, see Salt documentation: Grains. If you have only a subset keys in your grains data, only those in the subset will be synced. fqdn and ipv4 will be sent even if you do not list them here. For more information, see the Tenable Import assets documentation.

FAQ

• Q: How often is new SaltStack Vulnerability content released?
  • A: The current release frequency is about once per quarter. However, content might be released more frequently in the future.
• Can I get access to new content sooner if I use automatic content ingestion instead of manual ingestion?
  • A: The same content is available, whether you ingest manually or automatically.

    However, if you use manual ingestion, you need to plan to check for security content updates and develop a process to manually ingest updated content when it is available.

What to do next

After configuring SaltStack SecOps, there may be additional post-installation steps. Check the list of post-installation steps to ensure you have completed all the necessary steps.