Commands in different ESXCLI namespaces might display some hardware information, but the esxcli hardware namespace is specifically intended to give you that information. The namespace includes commands for getting and setting CPU properties, for listing boot devices, and for getting and setting the hardware clock time.
You can also use the ipmi namespace to retrieve IPMI system event logs (SEL) and sensor data records (SDR). The command supports both get (single return value) and list (multiple return values) commands and returns raw sensor information.
See the vCLI Reference or the ESXCLI online help for details.