您可以設定 NSX-T Data Center 應用裝置及 Hypervisor 以傳送記錄訊息至遠端記錄伺服器。

NSX Manager、NSX Edge 和 Hypervisor 支援遠端記錄。您必須在每個節點上個別設定遠端記錄。

對於通訊協定參數，選項包括 UDP、TCP、LI 以及安全通訊協定 TLS 和 LI-TLS。Log Insight 記錄伺服器支援所有通訊協定。僅當記錄伺服器為 Log Insight 時，才可使用通訊協定 LI 和 LI-TLS。使用 LI 或 LI-TLS 的好處是它們能夠最佳化網路使用量。如果記錄伺服器為 Log Insight，建議使用 LI 或 LI-TLS。如果無法使用 LI，則 TCP 的優勢是更加可靠，而 UDP 的優勢是需要較少的系統和網路額外負荷。

在 KVM 主機上，NSX-T Data Center 安裝套件透過將組態檔置於 /etc/rsyslog.d 目錄中，以自動設定 rsyslog 精靈。

必要條件

  • 請自行熟悉 CLI 命令 set logging-server。如需詳細資訊，請參閱《NSX-T Data Center Command-Line Interface 參考》。
  • 如果指定安全通訊協定 TLS 或 LI-TLS，則伺服器和用戶端憑證必須儲存在每個 NSX-T Data Center 應用裝置上的 /image/vmware/nsx/file-store 中。請注意，只有在使用 NSX-T Data Center CLI 來設定匯出工具時，才需要檔案存放區中的憑證。如果您使用 API，則不需要使用檔案存放區。完成 Syslog 匯出工具設定後，您必須從這個位置刪除所有的憑證和金鑰，以免產生潛在的安全性漏洞。
  • 若要設定記錄伺服器的安全連線，請確認已為伺服器設定 CA 簽署的憑證。例如，如果您使用 Log Insight 伺服器 vrli.prome.local 作為記錄伺服器，則可以從用戶端執行下列命令，以查看伺服器上的憑證鏈結：
    root@caserver:~# echo -n | openssl s_client -connect vrli.prome.local:443  | sed -ne '/^Certificate chain/,/^---/p'
depth=2 C = US, L = California, O = GS, CN = Orange Root Certification Authority
verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=HTG/O=GSS/CN=vrli.prome.local
   i:/C=US/L=California/O=GS/CN=Green Intermediate Certification Authority
 1 s:/C=US/L=California/O=GS/CN=Green Intermediate Certification Authority
   i:/C=US/L=California/O=GS/CN=Orange Root Certification Authority
 2 s:/C=US/L=California/O=GS/CN=Orange Root Certification Authority
   i:/C=US/L=California/O=GS/CN=Orange Root Certification Authority
---
DONE

程序

  1. 在 NSX-T Data Center 應用裝置上設定遠端記錄：
    1. 執行下列命令來設定記錄伺服器和要傳送至記錄伺服器的訊息類型。您可以使用逗號分隔且無空格的清單來指定多個設施或訊息識別碼。 
      set logging-server <hostname-or-ip-address[:port]> proto <proto> level <level> [facility <facility>] [messageid <messageid>] [serverca <filename>] [clientca <filename>] [certificate <filename>] [key <filename>] [structured-data <structured-data>]
      您可以執行此命令多次，以新增多個組態。例如： 
      nsx> set logging-server 192.168.110.60 proto udp level info facility local6 messageid SYSTEM,FABRIC
nsx> set logging-server 192.168.110.60 proto udp level info facility auth,user
      若要僅將稽核記錄轉送至遠端伺服器，請在 structured-data 參數中指定 audit="true"。例如： 
      set logging-server <server-ip> proto udp level info structured-data audit="true"
      所有 NSX 記錄均使用設施 local6。唯有當未設定設施篩選器或指定的設施中包含 local6 時，才應使用 messageid 和 structured-data 篩選器。
    2. 設定安全遠端登入：
      • 若要使用 LI-TLS 通訊協定設定安全遠端記錄，請指定 proto li-tls 參數。例如：
        set logging-server vrli.prome.local proto li-tls level info messageid SWITCHING,ROUTING,FABRIC,SYSTEM,POLICY,HEALTHCHECK,SHA,MONITORING serverca intermed-ca-full-chain.crt
        如果設定成功，您將會收到不含任何文字的提示。若要查看伺服器憑證鏈結的內容 (中繼後面是根)，請以 root 的身分登入，並執行下列命令： 
        root@nsx1:~# keytool -printcert -file /image/vmware/nsx/file-store/intermed-ca-full-chain.crt
Certificate[1]:
Owner: CN=Green Intermediate Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Issuer: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Serial number: 3e726e7fbb3b0a7a6b4edd767f867fd2
Valid from: Sun Mar 15 00:00:00 UTC 2020 until: Mon Mar 17 00:00:00 UTC 2025
Certificate fingerprints:
  MD5:  94:C8:9F:92:56:60:EB:DB:ED:4B:11:17:33:27:C0:C9
  SHA1: 42:9C:3C:51:E8:8E:AC:2E:5E:62:95:82:D7:22:E0:FB:08:B8:64:29
  SHA256: 58:B8:63:3D:0C:34:35:39:FC:3D:1E:BA:AA:E3:CE:A9:C0:F3:58:53:1F:AD:89:A5:01:0D:D3:89:9E:7B:C5:69
Signature algorithm name: SHA256WITHRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
Version: 3
Certificate[2]:
Owner: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Issuer: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Serial number: 3e726e7fbb3b0a7a6b4edd767f867fd1
Valid from: Mon Mar 16 07:16:07 UTC 2020 until: Fri Mar 10 07:16:07 UTC 2045
Certificate fingerprints:
  MD5:  ED:AC:F1:7F:88:05:83:2A:83:C0:09:03:D5:00:CA:7B
  SHA1: DC:B5:3F:37:DF:BD:E0:5C:A4:B7:F4:4C:96:12:75:7A:16:C7:61:37
  SHA256: F2:5B:DE:8A:F2:31:9D:E6:EF:35:F1:30:6F:DA:05:FF:92:B4:15:96:AA:82:67:E3:3C:C1:69:A3:E5:27:B9:A5
Signature algorithm name: SHA256WITHRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
Version: 3
        成功和失敗情況的記錄均位於 /var/log/loginsight-agent/liagent_2020-MM-DD-<file-num>.log 中。如果設定成功，您可以使用下列命令來檢視 Log Insight 組態： 
        root@nsx1:/image/vmware/nsx/file-store# cat /var/lib/loginsight-agent/liagent-effective.ini
; Dynamic file representing the effective configuration of VMware Log Insight Agent (merged server-side and client-side configuration)
;     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
; Creation time: 2020-03-22T19:41:21.648800
 
[server]
hostname=vrli.prome.local
proto=cfapi
ssl=yes
ssl_ca_path=/config/vmware/nsx-node-api/syslog/bb466082-996f-4d77-b6e3-1fa93f4a20d4_ca.pem
ssl_accept_any_trusted=yes
port=9543
filter={filelog; nsx-syslog; pri_severity <= 6 and ( msgid == "SWITCHING" or msgid == "ROUTING" or msgid == "FABRIC" or msgid == "SYSTEM" or msgid == "POLICY" or msgid == "HEALTHCHECK" or msgid == "SHA" or msgid == "MONITORING" )}
 
[filelog|nsx-syslog]
directory=/var/log
include=syslog;syslog.*
parser=nsx-syslog_parser
 
[parser|nsx-syslog_parser]
base_parser=syslog
extract_sd=yes
 
[update]
auto_update=no
      • 若要使用 TLS 通訊協定設定安全遠端記錄，請指定 proto tls 參數。例如：
        set logging-server vrli.prome.local proto tls level info serverca Orange-CA.crt.pem clientca Orange-CA.crt.pem certificate gc-nsxt-mgr-full.crt.pem key gc-nsxt-mgr.key.pem
        請注意下列事項：
        • serverCA 參數只需要根憑證，而不需要完整鏈結。
        • 如果 clientCA 與 serverCA 不同，則只需要根憑證。
        • 憑證應保留 NSX Manager 的完整鏈結 (應符合 NDcPP 標準 - EKU、BASIC 和 CDP (CDP - 可忽略此檢查))。
        您可以檢查每個憑證的內容。例如： 
        root@gc3:~# keytool -printcert -file /image/vmware/nsx/file-store/Orange-CA.crt.pem
Owner: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Issuer: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Serial number: 3e726e7fbb3b0a7a6b4edd767f867fd1
Valid from: Mon Mar 16 07:16:07 UTC 2020 until: Fri Mar 10 07:16:07 UTC 2045
Certificate fingerprints:
  MD5:  ED:AC:F1:7F:88:05:83:2A:83:C0:09:03:D5:00:CA:7B
  SHA1: DC:B5:3F:37:DF:BD:E0:5C:A4:B7:F4:4C:96:12:75:7A:16:C7:61:37
  SHA256: F2:5B:DE:8A:F2:31:9D:E6:EF:35:F1:30:6F:DA:05:FF:92:B4:15:96:AA:82:67:E3:3C:C1:69:A3:E5:27:B9:A5
Signature algorithm name: SHA256WITHRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
Version: 3
root@gc3:~#
 
root@gc3:/image/vmware/nsx/file-store# keytool -printcert -file gc-nsxt-mgr-full.crt.pem
Certificate[1]:
Owner: CN=gc.prome.local, O=GS, L=HTG, ST=California, C=US
Issuer: CN=Green Intermediate Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Serial number: bdf43ab31340b87f323b438a2895a075
Valid from: Mon Mar 16 07:26:51 UTC 2020 until: Wed Mar 16 07:26:51 UTC 2022
Certificate fingerprints:
        MD5:  36:3C:1F:57:96:07:84:C0:6D:B7:33:9A:8D:25:4D:27
        SHA1: D1:4E:F9:45:2D:0D:34:79:D2:B4:FA:65:28:E0:5C:DC:74:50:CA:3B
        SHA256: 3C:FF:A9:5D:AA:68:44:44:DD:07:2F:DD:E2:BE:9C:32:19:7A:03:D5:26:8D:5F:AD:56:CA:D2:6C:91:96:27:6F
Signature algorithm name: SHA256WITHRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
Version: 3
Certificate[2]:
Owner: CN=Green Intermediate Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Issuer: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Serial number: 3e726e7fbb3b0a7a6b4edd767f867fd2
Valid from: Sun Mar 15 00:00:00 UTC 2020 until: Mon Mar 17 00:00:00 UTC 2025
Certificate fingerprints:
        MD5:  94:C8:9F:92:56:60:EB:DB:ED:4B:11:17:33:27:C0:C9
        SHA1: 42:9C:3C:51:E8:8E:AC:2E:5E:62:95:82:D7:22:E0:FB:08:B8:64:29
        SHA256: 58:B8:63:3D:0C:34:35:39:FC:3D:1E:BA:AA:E3:CE:A9:C0:F3:58:53:1F:AD:89:A5:01:0D:D3:89:9E:7B:C5:69
Signature algorithm name: SHA256WITHRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
Version: 3
Certificate[3]:
Owner: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Issuer: CN=Orange Root Certification Authority, O=GS, L=California, C=US
Serial number: 3e726e7fbb3b0a7a6b4edd767f867fd1
Valid from: Mon Mar 16 07:16:07 UTC 2020 until: Fri Mar 10 07:16:07 UTC 2045
Certificate fingerprints:
        MD5:  ED:AC:F1:7F:88:05:83:2A:83:C0:09:03:D5:00:CA:7B
        SHA1: DC:B5:3F:37:DF:BD:E0:5C:A4:B7:F4:4C:96:12:75:7A:16:C7:61:37
        SHA256: F2:5B:DE:8A:F2:31:9D:E6:EF:35:F1:30:6F:DA:05:FF:92:B4:15:96:AA:82:67:E3:3C:C1:69:A3:E5:27:B9:A5
Signature algorithm name: SHA256WITHRSA
Subject Public Key Algorithm: 4096-bit RSA key
Version: 3
        在 /var/log/syslog 中記錄成功的範例： 
        <182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:34.501Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO"] Successfully created CA PEM file /config/vmwarensx-node-api/syslog/92a78d8a-acfd-4515-b05a-2927b70ae920_ca.pem for logging server vrli.prome.local:6514
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:36.269Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO"] Successfully created client CA PEM file /config/vmwarensx-node-api/syslog/92a78d8a-acfd-4515-b05a-2927b70ae920_client_ca.pem for logging server vrli.prome.local:6514
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:36.495Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="root" level="INFO"] cert issuer = /C=US/L=California/O=GS/CN=Green IntermediateCertification Authority
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:36.514Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="root" level="INFO"] cert subject = /C=US/ST=California/L=HTG/O=GS/CN=gc.promelocal
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:36.539Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="root" level="INFO"] certificate trust check succeeded. status: 200, result:{'status': 'OK'}
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:36.612Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="root" level="INFO"] Certificate already exists, skip import
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:37.322Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO"] Successfully created certificate PEM file /config/vmwarensx-node-api/syslog/92a78d8a-acfd-4515-b05a-2927b70ae920_cert.pem for logging server vrli.prome.local:6514
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:54:38.020Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO"] Successfully created key PEM file /config/vmwarensx-node-api/syslog/92a78d8a-acfd-4515-b05a-2927b70ae920_key.pem for logging server vrli.prome.local:6514
        在 /var/log/syslog 中記錄失敗的範例： 
        <182>1 2020-03-22T21:33:30.424Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO"] Successfully created client CA PEM file /config/vmwarensx-node-api/syslog/76332782-1ec6-483a-95d4-2adeaf2ef112_client_ca.pem for logging server vrli.prome.local:6514
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:33:30.779Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="root" level="INFO"] cert issuer = /C=US/L=California/O=GS/CN=Green IntermediateCertification Authority
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:33:30.803Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="root" level="INFO"] cert subject = /C=US/ST=California/L=HTG/O=GS/CN=gc.promelocal
<179>1 2020-03-22T21:33:30.823Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="root" level="ERROR" errorCode="NODE10"] Certificate trust check failed. status:200, result: {'error_message': 'Certificate CN=gc.prome.local,O=GS,L=HTG,ST=California,C=US was not verifiably signed by CN=gc.prome.local,O=GS,L=HTG,ST=California,C=US: certificate does not verifywith supplied key', 'status': 'ERROR'}
<179>1 2020-03-22T21:33:30.824Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="ERROR" errorCode="NODE10"] Failed to create certificate PEM file config/vmware/nsx-node-api/syslog/76332782-1ec6-483a-95d4-2adeaf2ef112_cert.pem for logging server vrli.prome.local:6514
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:33:31.578Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO"] Successfully deleted CA PEM file /config/vmwarensx-node-api/syslog/76332782-1ec6-483a-95d4-2adeaf2ef112_ca.pem
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:33:32.342Z gc3.prome.local NSX 5187 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-manager" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO"] Successfully deleted client CA PEM file /config/vmwarensx-node-api/syslog/76332782-1ec6-483a-95d4-2adeaf2ef112_ca.pem
<182>1 2020-03-22T21:33:32.346Z gc3.prome.local NSX 16698 - [nsx@6876 comp="nsx-cli" subcomp="node-mgmt" username="admin" level="INFO" audit="true"] CMD: set logging-server vrli.prome.local prototls level info serverca Orange-CA.crt.pem clientca Orange-CA.crt.pem certifi
cate gc-nsxt-mgr.crt.pem key gc-nsxt-mgr.key.pem (duration: 6.365s), Operation status: CMD_EXECUTED
        您可以使用下列命令檢查憑證與私密金鑰是否相符。如果相符，則輸出將為 writing RSA key。若是任何其他輸出，皆表示兩者不相符。例如： 
        root@caserver:~/server-certs# diff  <(openssl x509 -in certs/gc-nsxt-mgr.crt.pem -pubkey -noout) <(openssl rsa -in private/gc-nsxt-mgr.key.pem -pubout)
writing RSA key
        私密金鑰已損毀的範例： 
        root@caserver:~/server-certs# diff  <(openssl x509 -in certs/gc-nsxt-mgr.crt.pem -pubkey -noout) <(openssl rsa -in private/gc-nsxt-mgr-corrupt.key.pem -pubout)
unable to load Private Key
140404188370584:error:0D07209B:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_get_object:too long:asn1_lib.c:147:
140404188370584:error:0D068066:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:bad object header:tasn_dec.c:1205:
140404188370584:error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error:tasn_dec.c:386:Type=RSA
140404188370584:error:04093004:rsa routines:OLD_RSA_PRIV_DECODE:RSA lib:rsa_ameth.c:119:
140404188370584:error:0D07209B:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_get_object:too long:asn1_lib.c:147:
140404188370584:error:0D068066:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:bad object header:tasn_dec.c:1205:
140404188370584:error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error:tasn_dec.c:386:Type=PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO
140404188370584:error:0907B00D:PEM routines:PEM_READ_BIO_PRIVATEKEY:ASN1 lib:pem_pkey.c:141:
1,14d0
< -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
< MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAv3yH7pZidfkLrEP3zVa9
< EcOKXlFFjkThZRZMfguenlm8s6QHYVvuUX8IRB48Li3/DUfOj0bzaPWktpv+Q2P0
< N/j4LoX2RzjV/DPxYfLP6GMNMc21L3s9ruBeWUthtUP8khCWd2d2rZ09cUZVl0P9
< kIYBb5RMFC7Z1OUtH3bKdepEf+sXz3DaKZ/WySzYq9x86QDaA3ABO3Q0i7txBscI
< FvXuMDOMQaC3pPp9FWO6IPRAWB57wahLJv6K5qGIfwubSBFg53grT4snf1lDZAhZ
< 9hz5JgGr80GVyWyb7rgigpl9iUWAZx8U9De9XoxmvBN5iEGTIuKGaEgICL176crb
< RMkhjnCqNHI+z6sQvpYJ7U0zZc72eBIWoHUkcWWk3eU6Oy4OiyW6jYuXG7hZYlly
< nSkme3mZUWJKvcoX05+3zeCP623/HzE7X2sNyWFjzeF3XEvauZrIbsJh/xp2ShDa
< uKKEY0gUGhLtCa3TpV9l8d6tFWVy8XjVjdjoVt4s7MfUo/airVmRykfsWrKyNUOQ
< qRZvSbqjt8pm+3bSvKdXX4ul7ptPG2GF20ETWHPwjk2JwQpGhR9zK8fsKzvm6hXi
< kq76zI4FefuVps3e1r39+0F+p6d6i2oUoo24sC1iSePTDhU74efVp6iv8HmnDgYX
< Ylm6Kusr0JT5TJFDfASmrj8CAwEAAQ==
< -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
        私密金鑰和憑證皆有效，但兩者不相符的範例： 
          root@caserver:~/server-certs# diff  <(openssl x509 -in certs/gc-nsxt-mgr.crt.pem -pubkey -noout) <(openssl rsa -in private/vrli.key.pem -pubout)
  writing RSA key
  2,13c2,13
  < MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAv3yH7pZidfkLrEP3zVa9
  < EcOKXlFFjkThZRZMfguenlm8s6QHYVvuUX8IRB48Li3/DUfOj0bzaPWktpv+Q2P0
  < N/j4LoX2RzjV/DPxYfLP6GMNMc21L3s9ruBeWUthtUP8khCWd2d2rZ09cUZVl0P9
  < kIYBb5RMFC7Z1OUtH3bKdepEf+sXz3DaKZ/WySzYq9x86QDaA3ABO3Q0i7txBscI
  < FvXuMDOMQaC3pPp9FWO6IPRAWB57wahLJv6K5qGIfwubSBFg53grT4snf1lDZAhZ
  < 9hz5JgGr80GVyWyb7rgigpl9iUWAZx8U9De9XoxmvBN5iEGTIuKGaEgICL176crb
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    3. 若要檢視記錄組態，請執行 get logging-server 命令。例如， 
      nsx> get logging-servers
192.168.110.60 proto udp level info facility local6 messageid SYSTEM,FABRIC
192.168.110.60 proto udp level info facility auth,user
    4. 若要清除遠端記錄組態，請執行下列命令： 
      nsx> clear logging-servers
  2. 在 ESXi 主機上設定遠端記錄：
    1. 執行下列命令以設定 Syslog 和傳送測試訊息： 
      esxcli network firewall ruleset set -r syslog -e true
esxcli system syslog config set --loghost=udp://<log server IP>:<port> --log-level=info
esxcli system syslog reload
esxcli system syslog mark -s "This is a test message"
    2. 您可以執行下列命令以顯示組態： 
      esxcli system syslog config get
  3. 在 KVM 主機上設定遠端記錄：
    1. 針對您的環境編輯檔案 /etc/rsyslog.d/00-vmware-remote-logging.conf。
      如果該檔案不存在，請建立檔案。將讀取權限授與群組與其他人的一般預設權限已足夠。
    2. 將下列行新增至檔案： 
      *.* @<ip>:514;NsxLogfmt
    3. 執行下列命令： 
      service rsyslog restart