Testing a recovery plan has no lasting effects on either the protected site or the recovery site, but running a recovery plan has significant effects on both sites.

You need different privileges when testing and running a recovery plan.

Table 1. How Testing a Recovery Plan Differs from Running a Recovery Plan
Area of Difference Test a Recovery Plan Run a Recovery Plan
Required privileges Requires Site Recovery Manager.Recovery Plans.Test permission. Requires Site Recovery Manager.Recovery Plans.Recovery permission.
Effect on virtual machines at protected site None Site Recovery Manager shuts down virtual machines in reverse priority order and restores any virtual machines that are suspended at the protected site.
Effect on virtual machines at recovery site Site Recovery Manager suspends local virtual machines if the recovery plan requires this. Site Recovery Manager restarts suspended virtual machines after cleaning up the test. Site Recovery Manager suspends local virtual machines if the recovery plan requires this.
Effect on replication Site Recovery Manager creates temporary snapshots of replicated virtual machines at the recovery site. During a planned migration, Site Recovery Manager synchronizes the replicated virtual machines, then stops replication, then makes the recovery site storage writable. During a disaster recovery, Site Recovery Manager attempts the same steps, but if they do not succeed, Site Recovery Manager ignores protected site errors.
Network If you explicitly assign test networks, Site Recovery Manager connects recovered virtual machines to a test network. If virtual machine network assignment is Isolated network (auto created) and there are no site-level mappings, Site Recovery Manager assigns virtual machines to temporary networks that are not connected to any physical network. Site Recovery Manager connects recovered virtual machines to the user-specified datacenter network.
Interruption of recovery plan You can cancel a test at any time. You can cancel the recovery at any time.