This section describes core and edge connectivity requirements to support different deployments within the Telco Cloud.

  • Core and Edge connectivity: Core and Edge connectivity provides application-specific SLAs. It can have a significant impact on the 4G, 5G core, and RAN deployments. The type of radio spectrum, connectivity, and available bandwidth can have a significant impact on the placement of VNFs and CNFs.

  • WAN connectivity: In the centralized deployment model, the WAN connectivity must be reliable between the sites. Any unexpected WAN outage prevents 5G user sessions from being established as all 5G control travels from the edge to the core.

  • Components deployment in Cell Site: Due to the physical constraints of remote Cell Site locations, place only the required function at the Cell Site and deploy the remaining components centrally. For example, the platform monitoring and logging are often deployed centrally to provide universal visibility and control without replicating the entire core data center at the remote edge locations. Non-latency-sensitive user metrics are often forwarded centrally for processing.

  • Available WAN bandwidth: The available WAN bandwidth between the Cell Site and Central Core sites must be sized to meet the worst-case bandwidth demand. Also, when multiple classes of an application share a WAN, proper network QoS is critical.

  • Fully distributed 5G core stack: A fully distributed 5G core stack is ideal for private 5G use cases, where the edge data center is self-contained. It survives extended outages that impact connectivity to the core data center. The Enterprise edge can be the aggregation point for the 5G Core control plane, UPF, distributed radio sites, and selective mobile edge applications. A fully distributed 5G core reduces the dependency on WAN but it increases the compute and storage requirements.

  • Network Routing in Cell Site: Each Cell Site can locally route the user plane traffic and all the Internet traffic through the local Internet gateways, while the management and non-real-time sensitive applications leverage the core for device communication.

The following table lists the key differences between the deployments of a 5G core platform and a RAN platform. Most Telco Cloud deployments include both Core and RAN components.

Category

Core

RAN

Kubernetes Cluster

Single site

Stretched

Management Domain

Same

Same

Workload Domain composition

vSphere clusters

ESXi Hosts

Storage

vSAN/Shared storage

Local storage

Networking

Overlay / VLAN

VLAN / SRIOV