VMware Greenplum 6.x Release Notes

This document contains release information about VMware Greenplum Database 6.x releases. For previous versions of the release notes for Greenplum Database, go to VMware Greenplum Database Documentation. For information about Greenplum Database end of life, see VMware Greenplum Database end of life policy.

VMware Greenplum 6 software is available for download from the VMware Greenplum page on Broadcom Support Portal.

Note
For more information about download prerequisites, troubleshooting, and instructions, see Download Broadcom products and software.

Upgrading Greenplum

See Upgrading to Greenplum 6 to upgrade your existing Greenplum software.

Release 6.28

Release 6.28.0

Release Date: 2024-08-09

VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

New and Changed Features

Enhancements

GPORCA now supports full hash joins and functions containing query parameters.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 generates less WAL for COPY FROM on heap tables when executed in the same transaction as CREATE TABLE.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 enhances gpexpand performance in segment cleanup.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 sets simple progress tracking as the default for gpexpand and adds a --detailed-progress option for detailed progress tracking.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 reintroduces the rollup rewrite plan for Data Quality Assurance (DQA) queries and introduces the new GUC gp_enable_groupext_dqa_pruning.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 enhances query performance by unassigning and bypassing pure-catalog queries from resource groups, controlled by the GUC gp_resource_group_bypass_catalog_query.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 enhances the performance of REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW when using the WITH NO DATA option.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 introduces a new --min_ssl_protocol_version option for controlling the minimum permitted SSL/TLS version for gpfdist.
Greenplum 6.28.0 now supports controlling the minimum and maximum permitted SSL/TLS versions through the GUCs ssl_min_protocol_version and ssl_max_protocol_version in postgresql.conf.
Greenplum 6.28.0 introduces the --direct-io option in gpcheckperf to ensure consistent IO performance test results by bypassing caching.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 introduces a new server configuration parameter — gp_appendonly_compaction_segfile_limit. This parameter sets the minimum number of segment files required for inserts before the next compaction.
Greenplum 6.28.0 improves the el8_migrate_locale utility by introducing the following commands:
- identify: Checks for affected indices and tables.
- prepare: Generates migration commands.
- validate: Ensures data correctness.
The VMware Greenplum Orca Optimizer now supports DISTINCT-qualified WINDOW AGGREGATE queries.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 introduces a new UDF advanced_password_check.role_password_status(rolname TEXT) to display the password creation time, expiration time, and the role's valid until time.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 now supports viewing tables that failed to redistribute, tables that have been dropped, and user-expanded tables.
- Failed Redistribution: Tables that failed to redistribute are now tracked in the gpexpand status tables and views.
- Dropped Tables: Tables dropped since the setup phase are now tracked in the gpexpand.expansion_progress view.
- User-expanded Tables: Tables that have already been expanded by a user, outside the purview of gpexpand, are now skipped during gpexpand's redistribute phase.
The gpstate -e command now displays an additional field called "Startup recovery remaining bytes". This field reports the number of bytes of startup WAL archive recovery remaining for the mirror segment that is undergoing recovery before the segment is marked as "up" in the gp_segment_configuration table.

New Extensions/Modules

VMWware Greenplum 6.28.0 introduces a new extension, orafce_ext, which provides Oracle Compatibility SQL functions for manipulating RAW datatypes.
VMware Greenplum 6.28.0 introduces the gp_count_cores extension to count physical cores in a Greenplum cluster.

Resolved Issues

Server

378957: Resolves an issue where the server didn't clean up the subprogram launched for COPY when used with PROGRAM on transaction abort, which causes child programs to stay connected and potentially hang downstream programs such as gprestore with --on-error-continue.
35213005: Resolves an issue where the server crashes when adding mirrors by using gpinitsystem.
N/A: Resolves an issue where subprograms inadvertently inherit the parent backend's file descriptors.
N/A: Resolves an issue where a memory leak occurs during the merging of leaf partition statistics in the ANALYZE process.
N/A: Resolves an issue where setting the deadlock_timeout GUC only on the coordinator does not propagate the new value to all segments.
N/A: Resolves an issue where pg_rewind could be cancelled midway due to using libpq connection timeout parameters.
N/A: Resolves an issue where COPY TO PROGRAM didn't clean up resources when encountering data loading errors.
N/A: Resolves a rare query result error that occurred when using bitmap and other indexes simultaneously.

Query Processing

35195256: Resolves an issue where Orca incorrectly generated a materialized plan based on the child plan's target list instead of the parent plan's target list.
35258690: Resolves an issue where Orca did not handle Chinese characters properly when the database LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE were set to C.
35507324: Resolves an issue where Orca crashed when calling percentile_cont and percentile_disc on pass-by-ref datatypes, such as numeric and interval.
N/A: Resolves an issue where Orca's libpq interface for VIEW returned inaccurate resorigtbl metadata.
N/A: Resolves an issue where Orca crashed when using the WITH ORDINALITY clause.

Backup and Upgrade

N/A: Fixes upgrade for extension's functions and aggregates.

Extensions

N/A: Resolves an issue where advanced_password_check would error out when changing a password for a role with the valid until time set to infinity or null.

Upgrade

N/A: Resolves an issue where pg_dump and pg_upgrade utilities now correctly dump and restore the partitioned table indexes during major version upgrades. pg_upgrade correctly invalidates bitmap and AO/CO indexes on the target cluster. Consequently, the pg_upgrade checks for Checking for non-covering indexes on partitioned AO tables, Checking for indexes on partitioned tables, and Checking for hash and GIN indexes have been removed.
N/A: Resolves an issue by improving the query performance for gathering user tables during pg_upgrade.

Release 6.27

Release 6.27.3

Release Date: 2024-07-05

VMware Greenplum 6.27.3 is a maintenance release that resolves the following issue.

Server

N/A: Resolves an issue where the query failed with error cache lookup failed for opclass.

Release 6.27.2

Release Date: 2024-06-21

VMware Greenplum 6.27.2 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Server

378957: Resolves an issue where the server didn't clean up the subprogram launched for COPY when used with PROGRAM on transaction abort, which causes child programs to stay connected and potentially hang downstream programs such as gprestore with --on-error-continue.
35298442: Resolves an issue where DELETE and non-split UPDATE operations on heap tables did not obey the wait_for_replication_threshold GUC.

Query Processing

35195256: Resolves an issue where Orca incorrectly generated a materialized plan based on the child plan's target list instead of the parent plan's target list.

Release 6.27.1

Release Date: 2024-05-03

VMware Greenplum 6.27.1 is a maintenance release that introduces new and changed features and resolves several issues.

New and Changed Features

VMware Greenplum 6.27.1 includes the following new and changed features:

VMware Greenplum 6.27.1 introduces a new server configuration parameter wal_sender_archiving_status_interval, which sends information about the last archived WAL from primary to standby at the intervals specified in the parameter.
VMware Greenplum 6.27.1 no longer removes pg_rewind and pg_basebackup logs, regardless of the outcome of a recovery.

Server

371805: Resolves an issue where gpssh fails in environments that need the TERM variable set.
383031: VMware Greenplum now reports intermediate dtx protocol errors when debug_print_full_dtm is on.
383254: Resolves an issue where a PANIC error occurred when doing concurrent updates on a table with a before row update trigger.
N/A: Resolves an issue where CREATE TABLE statements errored out when rle_type compression was specified with compresslevels 5 and 6, at the table level.
N/A: Resolves an issue where WAL archive files could go missing from the archive location if the primary segment lost connectivity to the archive location but not to its mirror segment.
N/A: Resolves an issue which caused startup failure errors for the expanded segment during a gpexpand command, erroneously reporting that the distributed transaction limit had been reached.
N/A: Resolves an issue where VMware Greenplum Disaster Recovery continuous restores errored out due to missing WAL files in the archive.
N/A: Resolves an issue where newly-added nodes failed to start when scaling a cluster.

Query Processing

N/A: Resolves an issue where queries ran slowly due to partition table cardinality mis-estimation.

Release 6.27.0

Release Date: 2024-04-05

VMware Greenplum 6.27.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

VMware Greenplum 6.27.0 includes these new and changed features:

The gpfdist parallel file distribution utility now supports multi-threaded data compression and transmission.
The PgBouncer distributed with Greenplum Database has been updated to version 1.21.0.
The gpcheckcat utility now includes a new test -- mix_distribution_policy -- which checks for tables created with legacy and non-legacy hash operations.
This release updates the plcontainer version to 2.4.0 and the python3 image version to 2.4.0. Previous image releases cannot be used with the 2.4.0+ plcontainer.
The pg_config utility option --version now displays the version of the PostgreSQL backend server, and the new option --gp_version prints the version of Greenplum.
VMware Greenplum 6.27.0 introduces the pg_cron module, which provides a cron-based job scheduler that runs inside the database.
VMware Greenplum 6.27.0 supports Run-length encoding (RLE) compression with the Zstandard algorith, or zstd for column-oriented tables.
The log_checkpoints server configuration parameter is now set to on by default.
The gpsupport gp_log_collector tool now supports gathering logs for VMware Greenplum Disaster Recovery, via the new -with-gpdr-primary and -with-gpdr-recovery options.
The ip4r module distributed with VMware Greenplum has been updated to version 2.4.2.
With the 6.27.0 release, mirrorless Greenplum architectures no longer use the HA service to provide high availability of Greenplum primary segments in place of the FTS probe used in mirrored architectures. The HA service required that Greenplum state was controlled with root for multiple services, causing contention between normal cluster utilities such as gpstart/gpstop and the HA service. This issue and other usability issues are resolved by the new Postmaster service, which entirely replaces the original HA service. For more information about using the Postmaster service, see Installing the Greenplum High Availability Service.
VMware Greenplum 6.27.0 enhances WAL archive recovery by preventing scanning of nonexistent WAL segment files.
You may now pass the -i and --differential in the same gprecoverseg command.

Resolved Issues

Server

303746: Resolves an issue where an UNLOGGED table triggered a missing file error after failover to a mirror segment.
33011: Resolves an issue where intermittent network issues occurred reporting the error failed to acquire resources on one or more segments. Now Greenplum retries gang creation by default for non-recovery failures.
365700: Resolves an issue where reads of append-optimized leaf partition tables encountered the error read beyond eof if they were running concurrently with a lazy VACUUM on the same partitions. The fix introduces a new server configuration parameter gp_keep_partition_children_locks that maintains the locks on all append-optimized leaf partitions until the end of the transaction.
373517: Resolves an issue where queries crashed when running a DynamicBitmap scan if QueryFinishPending was true.
372306: Resolves an issue where the Greenplum master received a SIGABRT straight after a user tried to terminate a query using pg_terminate_backend().
N/A: Resolves an issue where the process FTS PROBE resulted in a memory leak.
N/A: Resolves an issue where queries that combined string_agg(ORDER BY) with agg(DISTINCT) led to incorrect results.
N/A: Resolves an issue where COPY TO hung when copying an append-optimized, column-oriented table with no columns.
N/A: Resolves an issue where plpython user-defined functions (UDFs) crashed when an interconnect error occurred.
N/A: Resolves an issue with the gp_toolkit.gp_move_orphaned_files function where files were not moved correctly on the segment host. This fix also allows the gp_check_orphaned_files view and function to run with idle sessions, making it more convenient to use.

Query Processing

369259: Resolves an issue where queries using CTE (Common Transaction Expressions) with replicated tables hung when using GPORCA.

Database Utilities

N/A: Resolves an issue where gpload created a temporary table using the wrong distribution key order.

Cluster Management

378847: Resolves an issue where the gpcheckcat utility was triggering false errors due to erroneously querying the pg_description and pg_shdescription catalog tables.
N/A: Resolves an issue where gprecoverseg -o created an empty output file for segments that ran on an unreachable host.

Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions

367725: Resolves an issue where an issue with a PL/Python user-defined function (UDF) caused Greenplum master process reset. This fix now reports the error a Python exception.

Release 6.26

Release 6.26.6

Release Date: 2024-07-12

VMware Greenplum 6.26.6 is a maintenance release that resolves the following issue.

Query Processing

35195256: Resolves an issue where Orca incorrectly generated a materialized plan based on the child plan's target list instead of the parent plan's target list.

Release 6.26.5

Release Date: 2024-06-28

VMware Greenplum 6.26.5 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Server

35298442: Resolves an issue where DELETE and non-split UPDATE operations on heap tables did not obey the wait_for_replication_threshold GUC.
378957: Resolves an issue where the server didn't clean up the subprogram launched for COPY when used with PROGRAM on transaction abort, which causes child programs to stay connected and potentially hang downstream programs such as gprestore with --on-error-continue.

Release 6.26.4

Release Date: 2024-03-08

VMware Greenplum 6.26.4 is a maintenance release that introduces new features and resolves several issues.

This release introduces a new server configuration parameter – gp_enable_mdqa_shared_scan – which controls whether to use shared scans in three-stage aggregations. Setting this parameter addresses problems of significant disk I/O and large spill files that can occur when there are shared scans in in three-stage aggregation.

The VMware Greenplum Orca Optimizer now supports DISTINCT-qualified WINDOW AGGREGATE queries.

This release improves the performance of directory scans VMware Greenplum performs as part of WAL archiving.

Server

376446: Resolves an issue where a COPY command invoked with the PROGRAM argument could fail and corrupt the shared memory, reporting errors such as latch already owned, failed to re-find shared lock object, failed to re-find shared proclock object, or sorry, too many clients already.
376446: Resolves an additional issue with a race condition on the backend process latch during the backend initialization with backend teardown, which could cause backends to fail with latch already owned by pid.
N/A: Resolves CVE-2023-5869: Buffer overrun from integer overflow in array modification.

Query Processing

377088: Resolves an issue where, in some corner cases, some qualifying conditions were lost while the optimizer pulling up sublinks.

Release 6.26.3

Release Date: 2024-02-15

VMware Greenplum 6.26.3 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Server

376446: Resolves an issue with a race condition on the backend process latch during the backend initialization with backend teardown, which could cause backends to fail with latch already owned by pid.
371708: Resolves an issue with a race condition between termination of a queue waiter and waiter wake-up by another session, which could cause a slot leak in a resource queue.
371708: Resolves an issue with a race condition between self-deadlocks, query cancellation/deadlock and an ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE operation that bumped the resource queue limit, which could cause a slot leak in a resource queue.

Release 6.26.2

Release Date: 2024-01-26

VMware Greenplum 6.26.2 is a maintenance release that includes a couple of new features and resolves several issues.

New Features

The new optimizer_enable_right_outer_join server configuration parameter allows you to control whether GPORCA generates right outer joins. In situations in which you are observing poor performance related to right outer joins you may choose to suppress their use.
VMWware Greenplum includes a new extension - pg_buffercache -- which provides a new view to obtain clusterwide shared buffer metrics: gp_buffercache.
The PgBouncer distributed with Greenplum Database has been updated to version 1.21.0.

Query Processing

369259: Resolves out-of-memory issues with the new gp_max_system_slices server configuration parameter. This parameter allows you to limit the maximum number of slices a query can use, preventing queries that might provoke memory issues from running in the first place.
N/A: Resolves an issue where performing a dynamic index scan or bitmapindex scan under a nested loop with GPORCA could lead to high memory consumption on the segments.

Server

370114, 345498: Resolves an issue where passing through parameters by a motion caused the database to panic. The fix prevents external parameters from being passed through.
366165: Resolves an issue where a view dumped to a query could not be loaded back and returned the error: GROUP BY position -1 is not in select list.
N/A: Resolves an issue where pg_dump was not marking functions and aggregates appropriately for dumping.

Cluster Management

368035: Resolves an issue where the gpcheckcat check missing_extraneous failed with the error column "oid" does not exist, due to changes in the oid column name to objoid.

Disaster Recovery

372427: Resolves an issue that caused pg_control file corruption during segment recovery and generated the error segment -1 is down in unexpected control file state "in archive recovery".

Data Flow

371934: Resolves an issue where pg_dump skipped the DISTRIBUTED BY clause of an inherited child table.
371934: Resolves an issue where pg_dump, when run with the -t option for an inherited child table, incorrectly dumped its parent table's index.

Release 6.26.1

Release Date: 2023-12-08

VMware Greenplum 6.26.1 is a maintenance release that includes one changed feature and resolves several issues.

Zstandard (zstd) Supported Version

This release updates the supported zstd version on RHEL 8 to 1.4.4.

Query Processing

16767: Resolves an issue where a SEMI Join with replicated tables was yielding incorrect results.
16777: Resolves an issue where a query was falling back to the Planner when a subquery was present in a ScalarMiniMax(LEAST, or GREATEST) expression.

Server

[33011]: Resolves an issue where network issues were causing queries to fail with the error, failed to acquire resources on one or more segments","server closed the connection unexpectedly. To resolve this, VMware Greenplum now retries gang creation for non-recovery related failures.
[33079]: Resolves an issue where VMware Greenplum was throwing PANIC errors on the master host, due to resource group memory allocation issues.
[33128]: Resolves an issue where a long running query was successfully cancelled on all segments except for one segment, due to an underlying deadlock issue.
[33133]: Resolves an issue where cancelling a query left orphan processes on segments, due to interrupts going undetected.
16388: Resolves an issue where selecting a large number of rows via psql resulted in the error ERROR: Cannot add cell to table content: total cell count of XXX exceeded., due to an int overflow.

Cluster Management

16742: Resolves an issue with the gpstop utility where gpstop fails with an exception because it was not able to handle an empty PID file under the gpstop.lock directory.

Release 6.26.0

Release Date: 2023-10-26

VMware Greenplum 6.26.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.26.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Database 6.26 has been tested on and is supported for deployment to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 64-bit 9.x and Rocky Linux 9.x.
Greenplum Database 6.26.0 introduces the gp_check_functions module, which implements views that you can use to identify missing and orphaned relation files. The module also provides a user-defined function that you can use to move orphaned files.
Greenplum Database 6.26.0 introduces the upgrade_check.py utility, which helps you identify and address the main challenges associated with an in-place upgrade from EL 7 to 8. See Migrating VMware Greenplum from Enterprise Linux 7 to 8 for more details.
The gpcheckcat utility includes a new option -x that allows you to set a server configuration parameter at a session level.
The diskquota module was updated to version 2.3.0, which includes these changes and bug fixes:
- Adds the new configuration parameter diskquota.max_quota_probes to specify the number of quota probes at a cluster level.
- Adds the new configuration parameter diskquota.max_monitored_databases to specify the maximum number of databases monitored by the module.
- Resolves a bug fix where diskquota stopped worked after dropping other extensions.
- Resolves a bug where it was not possible to check if the database was empty when creating the extension.
Refer to the diskquota module documentation for installation and upgrade instructions.
VMware Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.10.4 is included, which includes changes and bug fixes. Refer to the VMware Greenplum Streaming Server Documentation for more information about this release and for upgrade instructions.

Resolved Issues

Server

33039: Resolves an issue where queries would hang due to interconnect issues for read-only transactions by introducing the new server configuration parameter gp_interconnect_cursor_ic_table_size.
33063: Resolves an issue where an INSERT command was terminated by a signal11: Segmentation fault error.
33074: The message canceling statement due to user request now provides the duration time of the failed query in order to help with debugging.
14785: Resolves an issue where an excessive number of temporary files were being created when zstd compression was in use.
15143: Resolves an issue where the query dispatcher remained idle in transaction for a parallel retrieve cursor even when the query executor had reported an error.
15389: Resolves an issue that caused queries using append-optmimized tables and bitmap indexes to run for a very long time with 100% CPU consumption.
16081: Resolves an issue where pg_ctl stop -m fast on the Greenplum master hung indefinitely.
16553: Resolves an issue where the ic-proxy process did not provide an error message when the peer listener failed. It now displays the error ERROR: SetupInterconnect: We are in IC_PROXY mode, but IC-Proxy Listener failed, please check..
N/A: Resolves an issue where long queries were not being correctly truncated when logged, resulting in logs failing to be loaded into external tables.

Query Processing

33047: Resolves a bug where GPORCA generated invalid plans for queries that used nested sublinks with GROUP BY aggregates.
33075: Resolves a bug where GPORCA fell back to the Postgres Planner when using mixed CTYPE character set encoding.
16611: Resolves an issue where GPORCA generated incorrect results when using SEMI joins on randomly distributed tables.

Cluster Management

16412: Resolves an issue where running a differential recovery copied all tablespace directories to the target segment instead of only the necessary ones.
16525: Resolves an issue where running a differential recovery after dropping a database left an orphaned database directory on the mirror segments.
16544: Resolves an issue where gprecoverseg failed when passing too many arguments. The utility now displays a meaningful error instead.

Data Flow

33051: Resolves an issue where pgbouncer did not mask a plain text LDAP password by adding support for encrypted LDAP passwords.

Release 6.25

Release 6.25.5

Release Date: 2024-06-13

VMware Greenplum 6.25.5 is a maintenance release that resolves the following server issue.

Server

372306: Resolves an issue where the Greenplum master received a SIGABRT straight after a user tried to terminate a query using pg_terminate_backend().

Release 6.25.4

Release Date: 2024-03-08

VMware Greenplum 6.25.4 is a maintenance release that introduces new features and resolves several issues.

This release introduces a new server configuration parameter -- gp_workfile_compression_overhead_limit -- which limits the overhead memory used by all the ZSTD-compressed workfiles of a query's single workfile set.

The VMware Greenplum Orca Optimizer now supports DISTINCT-qualified WINDOW AGGREGATE queries.

Query Processing

376783: Resolves an issue where the VMware Greenplum Orca Optimizer was generating unused slices when the plan contained subplans.
377088: Resolves an issue where, in some corner cases, some qualifying conditions were lost while the optimizer pulling up sublinks.

Release 6.25.3

Release Date: 2023-10-5

VMware Greenplum 6.25.3 is a maintenance release that introduces two new features and resolves several issues.

Cluster Management

16508: When using gpexpand with a custom input file (a file not created with using gpexpand prompts), the utility failed if custom tablespaces were configured in the cluster. This occurred because gpexpand could not find a tablespace file that was created automatically only when using prompts. The utility now checks to determine if the tablespace file exists and, if it does not exist, the utility generates the file and exits with a prompt to verify the file and re-run gpexpand.
16478: Resolves a problem where running utilities such as gpstop or gpstate would fail if the MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY environment variable was not set, even if the -d option was specified to provide the directory.
16356: The gpcheckperf utility was changed to ensure that the result set for the list of hosts displayed for network tests matches the results from earliear versions of the utility.

Query Processing

33052: Adds materialized views to analyzedb to the list of tables to analyze to improve performance.
16293: Resolves a bug where GPORCA generated incorrect results for a query when using a nested SELECT operation against a replicated table.

Server

16367: Adds a new configuration parameter, gp_detect_data_correctness, to help detect whether a locale change of the underlying operating system (such as with an upgrade from CentOS 7 to CentOS 8) has changed the partitioned table assignment for the underlying data. If this parameter is set to on then, during an insert, an error is reported if the data is not expected in the partition. If you receive these errors, redistribute or rebuild the affected table.
33062: Resolves an issue where running REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW against an append-only materialized view with b-tree indexes returned the error ERROR:relation"pg_aoblkdir_xxxx" already exists.
33071: Resolves a bug where an insufficient memory issue generated a PANIC with the error ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE exceeded. This fix prints an error message with write_stderr instead when encountering the same scenario.
16299: Resolves a bug that caused a segmentation fault when a query is interrupted by the user with SIGTERM.

Disaster Recovery

16482: Resolves a problem where restoring to a restore point could succeed and promote even though the restore point was never reached. The code was fixed to ensure that the restore errors out of the recovery target is not reached.

Release 6.25.2

Release Date: 2023-09-13

VMware Greenplum 6.25.2 is a maintenance release that introduces two new features and resolves several issues.

New and Changed Features

Server

The timestamp and timestamp_ntz modules now support the extract(), date_part(), and date() functions.

The gp_parallel_retrieve_cursor module now opens a parallel retrieve cursor on behalf of the current user. The module previously opened the cursor on behalf of the session user.

Cluster Management

Release 6.25.2 introduces a new gpcheckcat option,-x, which allows you to pass session-level parameters to gpcheckcat to aid in running certain catalog checks faster.

Resolved Issues

Server

33038: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database reported an error, or a PANIC if ALTER TABLE SET DISTRIBUTED BY or ALTER TABLE SET WITH (reorganize=true|false) ran along with another subcommand. This combination of statements must not run together, hence this fix prevents them from running.
33001: Resolves an issue where an insert query was causing a master crash with a segmentation fault.
33019: Resolves an issue where recursive CTE (Common Table Expression) errored out due to the creation of an incorrect or non-executable plan.
32958: Resolves an issue where unique key index order affected the distribution key order of a child partition.
32921: Fixes a deadlock condition that could occur with WAL syncrep if a segment mirror remained down for an extended period of time.
32826: Resolves an issue where queries were blocking despite the fact that pg_stat_activity showed that the limit on the maximum number of running queries specified for the resource group had not yet been met.
32378: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database crashed after running a full recovery that included new segment hosts, and a rebalance of the segments. This issue has been resolved by increasing the default value of the server configuration parameter dtx_phase2_recovery_retry_second from 60 seconds to 600 seconds.
16309: Resolves an issue where, when WAL archiving is enabled, starting up replicas and mirrors with recovery_target_timeline explicitly set failed when trying to retrieve that timeline's history file.
16193: Resolves an issue where queries were failing because a variable was not found where expected.
15963: Introduces a new check for gpmmon process to make sure gpdb_get_master_data_dir sets themaster_data_dir` variable to a non-null pointer.
15856: Resolves an issue where the minirepo utility was ignoring table sequences.
15854: Resolves a bug where parallel retrieve cursors were opened on behalf of the session user regardless of what user was opening the cursor due to permission issues.
15846: Resolves an issue where a multi-stage aggregate plan using multiple primary keys results in an error or segmentation fault.
15164: Resolves an issue where memory leaks were occurring when queies were making multiple calls to fucntions.

Cluster Management

32987: Resolves an issue where gpcheckcat was erroring out and exiting because an underlying query was referencing an incorrect column in the pg_description table.
32937: Resolves an issue with gprecoverseg where recovery was failing with the -i flag when the current host was unreachable.
32822: Resolves an issue where the gpstop utility was failing to clean up orphaned sessions when interrupted.
15952: Resolves an issue where WAL cleanup and rotation were failing due to a missing entry in a configuration file.
14848: Adds a flag to the gpcheckperf utility called buffer-size to help you customize the buffer size when running network bandwidth tests.
15402: Resolves a performance issue with issue with the gpexpand utility by having gpexpand skip the db_analyze directory when doing the expansion.

Data Flow

33025: Resolves an issue where pgbouncer crashed when switching between authentication methods ldap and md5.
33009: Fixes a bug with gpload where in case of a failure using INSERT mode, the operations under the PRELOAD section were not rolled back.
32979: Resolves an issue where gpfdist wrote duplicated data if the network was unstable. gpfdist now updates the sequence number when the data writing ends or the request is OPEN_SEQ to avoid data overwriting.

Extensions

32996: Introduces two new server configuration parameters to the timestamp9 module, which allow you to enable date/time functions with the timestamp9 module.

Drivers

33036: The Progress Data Direct JDBC driver has been upgraded to version 6.0.0.0109. Due to changes in Progress' build infrastructure, the release number is lower than that of the previous JDBC version (6.0.0.181).

Query Processing

32952: Resolves an issue where GPORCA caused a crash when there is not enough memory to initialize GPORCA.; Resolves an issue where GPORCA high memory usage resulted in a database crash due to inefficient data structures.
31857: Skips analyzing temporary tables when running analyzedb.
16209: Modifies the warning level from ERROR to NOTICE of a message that reports that parameterized queries are not supported.
16176: Adds support for indexscan plans for any array with GPORCA.
16021: Resolves a bug where the algorithm used by GPORCA to compute skew statistics caused stack overflow.
16009: Resolves an issue where an IN operator with a hash indexed table caused GPORCA to fall back to the Postgres Planner.
15644: Resolves an issue where GPORCA generated incorrect results when using set returning functions, such as a generate_series or an inner sub-query.
6641: Resolves a bug that caused a query with range type to fail with GPORCA, but it ran successfully with the Postgres Planner.

Release 6.25.1

Release Date: 2023-07-21

VMware Greenplum 6.25.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Server

32932, 32968: Resolves an issue where queries were failing with the error message, ERROR: could not find hash function for hash operator.
16005: Resolves an issue where queries were crashing due to a violation of the application binary interface (ABI) between VMware Greenplum and VMware Greenplum Command Center when an older version of Command Center's mc extension was in use.

Data Flow

32851: Resolves an issue where, when loading data from readable external table through gpfdist, if the connection between segments and gpfdist broke, the segment would hang forever.

Release 6.25.0

Release Date: 2023-07-14

VMware Greenplum 6.25.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.25.0 includes these new and changed features:

Version 6.25.0 introduces differential segment recovery -- via gpecoverseg's new --differential option -- which allows you to skip recovery of objects during full recovery that have not changed since the last full recovery. Differential segment recovery is currently a Beta feature, and is not supported for production environments. See Understanding Segment Recovery for more details.
gprecoverseg includes a check to look for running pg_rewind sessions, in order to avoid running a recovery for a particular segment if there is already an existing session in progress.
gprecoverseg adds a new optional parameter to the input configuration file, failedHostname, that specifies the hostfile of the failed segments. You may continue using the default format for the configuration file which does not include failedHostname parameter. See Recovering from Segment Failures for more details.
gpcheckperf now uses rsync to copy files if gpscp is not available.
The advanced_password_check module includes new features such as more password policies and user-defined functions to manage exception lists, unblock users, and view the active policies. Refer to the advanced_password_check module documentation for more information.
Greenplum Database 6.25.0 introduces the pgaudit module, which provides detailed session and object audit logging.
The diskquota module was updated to version 2.2.2, which includes these changes and bug fixes:
- Support for upgrading from all versions. Previous diskquota releases supported upgrading only between versions 1.x and 2.0 and between minor 2.x versions.
- Resolves an issue where diskquota could not correctly record the active table after a Greenplum Database mirror segment was activated.
- Reduces the number of [diskquota] disk quota worker process is monitoring database:<name> log messages to one per hour when operating in dynamic mode.
Refer to the diskquota module documentation for installation and upgrade instructions.
The pg_upgrade_jobs parameter enables the --jobs flag in pg_upgrade that enables parallel upgrade checks, as well as parallel schema dump and restore, and parallel tablespace transfer, that improves the overall upgrade speed.
A Client and Loader Tools Package is now provided for installation on RHEL 9.
The PXF version 6.7.0 distribution is available with this release; you can download it from the Release Download directory named Greenplum Platform Extension Framework on Broadcom Support Portal under the desired Greenplum release. Refer to the PXF documentation for information about this release and for installation and upgrade instructions.
Greenplum Database 6.25.0 introduces the first release of the VMware Greenplum Virtual Appliance. The virtual machine appliance contains everything you may need for an easy deploying of Greenplum Database on vSphere.

Resolved Issues

Server

32949: Resolves an issue where pg_dump locked partition tables that were outside the backup set.
32920, 15719: Resolves a motion deadlock that could occur with outer plans and subplans when using UDP interconnect by first prefetching the subplans before executing the plan node.
32909: Resolves an issue where Greenplum generated the error variable not found in subplan target lists when it attempted to update the distribution column of a table. Greenplum now supports the RETURNING clause during split update.
32905: Resolves an issue where Greenplum crashed when a query included TABLE(SELECT 1 SCATTER BY 1) and WHERE EXISTS clauses by disallowing the unique row id method for a table function scan.
15471: Resolves a mirror checkpoint error that could occur when the fsync server configuration parameter was set to on and changes were made to a database that were immediately followed by moving the database to a new tablespace.
N/A: Resolves a pgbench performance regression by introducing macros to retrieve the attributes of GpSegmentId, a stable type.
N/A: Renames a parameter of _get_remove_cmd() to better describe it.

Query Processing

15624: Resolves an issue where GPORCA generated an inferior plan for a <val op col> expression because it required that the predicate be in the form of <col op val>. GPORCA now selects a more efficient bitmap index plan for both forms of the expression.
15617: Removes unneeded checks for memory allocation failures.
15521: Resolves an issue where GPORCA returned wrong results when, while optimizing a query with multi-stage aggregates for DQA, it generated an incorrect plan that included no motion between the intermediate and final aggregate.
6392: Resolves an issue where GPORCA could not distinguish different indexes on independent table partitions when the index columns referenced the same column identifiers (for example, when the indexes were created on col12 and col1, col2). GPORCA now adds a delimiter between different column identifiers during hashing.
N/A: Resolves an issue where GPORCA crashed when a query included a skip-level correlated sub-query and the optimizer_join_order server configuration parameter was set to exhaustive2.

Cluster Management

N/A: Resolves an issue where, after recovery, Greenplum segments were incorrectly started in utility mode. The segments are now started in the correct mode (execute).

Data Flow

15625: Resolves an issue where COPY ... FROM lost data and did not generate an error when the number of columns in the receiving table was less than the number of fields in the file.
N/A: Improves the error message gpfdist returns when it encounters an error during a write operation.

Upgrade

184: Disables the command pg_upgrade --check on the primary segments so it only runs on the Greenplum master, which results in faster upgrade speeds.
213: Disables the preservation of relfrozenxids for user tables when running pg_dump with the --binary-upgrade option as it caused issues for partition tables, AO/CO tables, and object recreation with pg_restore.

Release 6.24

Release 6.24.6

Release Date: 2023-06-30

VMware Greenplum 6.24.6 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Query Processing

32939: Resolves a bug that caused catalog inconsistencies when performing a DROP TYPE...CASCADE if a partition key column was dependent on the TYPE.
15875: Resolves a bug where a DROP TYPE...CASCADE also dropped any distribution key dependent on the TYPE, and caused catalog inconsistencies.

Server

N/A: Resolves CVE-2023-2454: CREATE SCHEMA ... schema_element defeats protective search_path changes.
32775: Resolves a bug that prevented resource queues from releasing locks when the queries contained a cursor declared using the WITH HOLD clause.

Release 6.24.5

Release Date: 2023-06-15

VMware Greenplum 6.24.5 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Data Flow

32886, 15722: Resolves an issue where Greenplum master generated the error http response code 500 from gpfdist when it received POST requests from the segments while experiencing network failures.
32886, 15725: Introduces the option -k for gpfdist to manually set the session clean up timeout in order to avoid the error 400 invalid request due to wrong sequence number.

Release 6.24.4

Release Date: 2023-06-09

VMware Greenplum 6.24.4 is a maintenance release that introduces changes and resolves several issues.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.24.4 includes these changes:

Greenplum Database improves upgrade performance when restoring the target cluster schema with pg_upgrade.

Resolved Issues

Server

32790: Resolved an issue in the dynamic index scan code that could cause multiple multiple Greenplum segments to crash.
32867: Resolved an issue where query cancellation was failing due to malloc calls getting deadlocked.
11673: Resolved an issue caused by the execution logic of Hash Join Node that caused the error: cannot execute squelched plan node of type: 211.
15194: Resolved an issue where the master server crashed in function MPPnoticeReceiver when it received an unexpected message while idle.
15278: Resolved an issue where the value of InterruptHoldoffCount was not always reset to zero after a statement finished, which may cause issues with other processes.

Cluster Management

32755: Resolved an issue where gpstate -e was displaying incorrect or stalled progress when the main gprecoverseg process was terminated or interrupted.

Query Processing

32883: GPORCA could crash in cases where a partitioned key column was dropped while dropping custom types. The code was modified so that GPORCA can fall back to using the Postgres planner to handle these scenarios.
12818: Resolved an issue where GPORCA generated a Nested Look Join (NLJ) plan with an incorrect result.
15311: Resolved an issue where GPORCA generated incorrect results when using Left Outer Join (LOJ).
15549: Fixed an issue that enables GPORCA to support Multiple Distinct Qualified Aggregates using the server configuration parameter optimizer_enable_multiple_distinct_aggs.

Upgrade

201: Improves the performance for restoring the target cluster schema with pg_upgrade.
179: Adds a new pg_upgrade check to look for duplicated distribution columns that may be present in the database due to a bug in 5.x versions.
180: Fixes a bug where pg_dump did not include tables whose name ended with the special character $, which led to an issue when restoring such tables into the new cluster.

Release 6.24.3

Release Date: 2023-05-04

VMware Greenplum 6.24.3 is a maintenance release that introduces changes and resolves several issues.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.24.3 includes these changes:

The default value of the gp_resource_group_bypass_catalog_query server configuration parameter is changed to false.
The diskquota module was updated to version 2.2.1, which includes these changes and bug fixes:
- Support for non-ASCII characters in database names.
- Support for a larger number of quota configurations. Previous versions of diskquota supported 1024 of each type of quota. diskquota 2.2.1+ supports 128 * 1024 quota types.
- Resolves a buffer overflow issue that may be observed in large Greenplum clusters by increasing the number of objects supported.
- Resolves an issue where diskquota refreshed more often than necessary when it received a signal. Additional checks were added to ensure that diskquota refreshes only once per diskquota.naptime time period.
Refer to the diskquota module documentation for installation and upgrade instructions

Resolved Issues

Server

32812: Resolved an issue where Greeplum Database returned the error cannot find resource group with Oid 0 in shared memory due to leaking slots when resource group-based resource management was active.
32788: Resolved a problem where backend processes on a primary segment could hang while waiting for replication to occur, even after the associated mirror segment was marked as down.
32763: Lowers the log level of certain nodeShareInputScan messages from LOG to DEBUG1.
15416: Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database returned the error unrecognized node type: 925 when resource group-based resource management was active and catalog query bypass was enabled due to certain node types missing from checks. This issue is resolved, Greenplum now recognizes the missing node types. Additionally, the default value of the gp_resource_group_bypass_catalog_query server configuration parameter is changed to false.

Query Processing

32727: In some cases, GPORCA could generate a plan that caused data skew when a query used a nested CTAS query to insert data into a randomly distributed table. This issue is resolved; GPORCA now generates a plan that ensures tuples are randomly scattered before inserting into a randomly distributed table.

Release 6.24.2

Release Date: 2023-04-20

VMware Greenplum 6.24.2 is a maintenance release that resolves a single issue present in versions 6.24.0 and 6.24.1:

32834: Resolves a crash that could occur when running ANALYZE on an append-only, column-oriented table that had dropped columns. This problem was introduced in version 6.24.0 by an optimization to ANALYZE that skipped columns that were dropped from AO/CO tables. The optimization was reverted in 6.24.2.

Release 6.24.1

Release Date: 2023-04-20

VMware Greenplum 6.24.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Server

32799 : Resolves a memory leak that could occur when restoring data from a backup to a partitioned table.

32779 : Resolves an issue where a PANIC error could occur on the master segment due to a loss of context during memory allocation.

32756 : Resolves an issue where bitmap index creation on heap tables could fail due to out-of-order transaction IDs resulting from sync scans. Sync scans are now disallowed when building bitmap indexes.

32746 : Resolves an issue where too many processes were remaining in the startup phase for an excessive. This, in turn, was due to VACUUM FULL moving blocks of critical system data to an inefficient location, which delayed process startup.

Query Processing

32747 : Resolves a problem where GPORCA would fall back to using the Postgres Planner for any queries that involved a variadic function (for example, for a function of indefinite arity), thereby generating a sub-optimal plan. GPORCA now supports optimizing queries that involve variadic functions.

Release 6.24.0

Release Date: 2023-03-20

VMware Greenplum 6.24.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.24.0 includes these new and changed features:

Version 6.24.0 introduces new resource groups and query optimizer features that can be enabled using server configuration parameters:
- gp_resource_group_bypass_catalog_query - when set to true, Greenplum Database's resource group scheduler bypasses all queries that both read exclusively from system catalogs and contain in their query text pg_catalog schema tables only, in order to prevent the scheduler from blocking these queries.
- optimizer_discard_redistribute_hashjoin - provides a method to improve Query Optimizer performance when data to be joined exhibits high skewness in the join keys.
Greenplum Database now supports the isn extension, which provides support for the international product numbering standards EAN13, UPC, ISBN (books), ISMN (music), and ISSN (serials).
Greenplum Databases’s timestamp9 extension now includes support for the timestamp9_ltz and timestamp9_ntz datatypes.
Greenplum Database 6.24.0 deprecates the following features: Greenplum MapReduce, PL/Container 3 Beta and GreenplumR client.
GPORCA now supports direct dispatch for randomly distributed tables.
VMware Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.9.0 is bundled, which includes new features, changes, and bug fixes. Refer to the Greenplum Streaming Server Documentation for more information about this release and for upgrade instructions.
Greenplum Database improves pg_upgrade performance when it handles AO auxiliary tables, by copying relfilenodes to the new cluster instead of rebuilding them.
Greenplum Database 6.24.0 introduces the tablefunc module, which provides various examples of functions that return tables.

Resolved Issues

Extensions

32666 : Resolves an issue where a column of type timestamp9 could not be used as a distribution key.

32667, 32668 : Resolves an issue where partition elimination was failing on columns of type timestamp9.

Server

N/A : Resolves an issue where -- when a mirror segment got promoted and the original primary segment was disconnected but still running -- the original primary segment tried to archive a file that had already been archived.

N/A : Changes the level of an autovacuum log message from LOG to DEBUG1.

30755, 32491 : Resolves an issue where pg_dump failed with error unsupported ALTER command for external table when restoring external tables with serial column types. The fix allows pg_upgrade and gpbackup to support serial column types on external tables.

32617 : Introduces a magic number field to the ICProxyPkt packet to prevent external applications from trying to connect to the ic-proxy process and resulting in hung queries.

32758 : Improves performance of the query gpcheckcat uses for determining vpinfo corruption.

14348 : Fixes a memory leak on the master server that occurred when running INSERT or COPY to an append-only partitioned table.

14561 : Fixes a memory leak by removing redundant invocation of mdinit() at the end of the function smgr_init_standard().

15114 : Removes the restriction of the name data type in pg_upgrade.

14962 : Removes the restriction of tables with partitions belonging in a separate schema than the root partition in pg_upgrade.

15096 : Fixes a bug with function execution in entrydb query execution that reported incorrect number of rows.

15087 : Includes an error message when setting statement_mem to a value greater than max_statement_mem.

15152 : Enhances logging for dispatcher liveness checks to provide more descriptive error messages.

15016 : Resolves an issue where the associated metadata tracking rows in pg_stat_last_operation were not being deleted when dropping a schema.

15005 : Resolves an issue where pg_upgrade returned the error decompression information missing if a column was dropped from an AO/CO table.

Query Processing

N/A : Resolves an issue where GPORCA derived an incorrect equality hash join condition for a character column and returned incorrect results because it grouped operator classes belonging to different operator families as equivalent.

32770 : Resolves an issue where a query that produced a Left Anti Semi Join (LASJ) (NOT IN) plan node was gathered and run on the Greenplum Database master host, generating many spill files and ultimately returning an Out of Memory error. GPORCA now ignores the optimizer_penalize_broadcast_threshold configuration parameter setting when a LASJ requires a replicated distribution.

32665 : Resolves an issue where GPORCA generated a suboptimal plan because it did not push down a filter used in a BETWEEN predicate.

14896 : Resolves an issue where the Query Optimizer produced a faulty plan for certain CTE queries during distribution of sequence children. GPORCA now disallows replicated distribution when the required distribution in sequence is a singleton on master, or when it is a non-singleton with replicated disallowed.

Data Flow

N/A : Resolves an issue where an external table custom formatter had no access to the last line of data it was reading due to incorrect handling of an EOF condition.

32587 : Resolves an issue where a gpfdist process exited because another gpfdist process occupied the same port number (one using an IPV4 socket, one using an IPV6 socket).

32708, 14644 : Resolves an issue with a pg_class catalog table inconsistency after analyzing a table with a dropped subclass.

Cluster Management

32694: gpexpand did not replicate the pg_auth_time_constraints, pg_description, or pg_shdescription tables to new segments because those tables were incorrectly designated as belonging only to the Greenplum master segment. The problem was fixed by removing the tables from the master-only tables list.
32650: Resolved a problem where gpcheckperf, when used without the -S option, incorrectly calculated that a system had twice the actual avaialble memory. This could lead to File System Full errors during filesystem checks.
32446: Fixed runtime errors that could occur when running gpcheckperf with the -V flag (very verbose mode). Now, when gpcheckperf runs in very verbose mode, calls to gpssh are made without verbose mode enabled.
11378: gpstop would sometimes fail to stop all postgres PIDs because the method it used to create the full list of PIDs was not reliable. This problem was fixed by using the postmaster PID to get the list of child processes before stopping the postgres server.

Release 6.23

Release 6.23.5

Release Date: 2023-05-02

VMware Greenplum 6.23.5 is a maintenance release that includes changes and resolves an issue.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.23.5 includes this change:

The diskquota module was updated to version 2.2.1, which includes these changes and bug fixes:

Support for non-ASCII characters in database names.
Support for a larger number of quota configurations. Previous versions of diskquota supported 1024 of each type of quota. diskquota 2.2.1+ supports 128 * 1024 quota types.
Resolves a buffer overflow issue that may be observed in large Greenplum clusters by increasing the number of objects supported.
Resolves an issue where diskquota refreshed more often than necessary when it received a signal. Additional checks were added to ensure that diskquota refreshes only once per diskquota.naptime time period.

Refer to the diskquota module documentation for installation and upgrade instructions

Resolved Issues

Server

32788: Resolved a problem where backend processes on a primary segment could hang while waiting for replication to occur, even after the associated mirror segment was marked as down.

Release 6.23.4

Release Date: 2023-03-24

VMware Greenplum 6.23.4 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues, changes a feature, and introduces a new feature.

Changed Feature

When the optimizer_penalize_broadcast_threshold GPORCA server configuration parameter is set to 0, GPORCA now sets the broadcast threshold to unlimited and never penalizes a broadcast motion. Previously, when the this parameter was set to 0, GPORCA would penalize any broadcast over 0 rows.

Resolved Issues

Server

32770: Beginning in version 6.21.0, the Resource Groups implementation was changed to calculate segment memory using gp_segment_configuration.hostname instead of gp_segment_configuration.address. This implementation can result in a lower memory limit value compared to the earlier code, for deployments where each host uses multiple IP addresses. In some cases, this change in behavior could lead to Out Of Memory errors when upgrading from an earlier version. Version 6.23.4 introduces a configuration parameter, gp_count_host_segments_using_address, that can be enabled to calculate of segment memory using gp_segment_configuration.address if Out Of Memory errors are encountered after an upgrade. This parameter is disabled by default. This parameter will not be provided in Greenplum Version 7 because resource group memory calculation will no longer be dependent on the segments per host value.
32739: Resolves an issue where pg_rewind returned the error "pg_log" is of different type in source and target when the pg_log directory on a primary and/or mirror segment was a symbolic link.

Data Flow

32776: gpload, when invoked in update or merge mode, returned an error when it created its staging table with the same distribution key as the target table, but that column was not present in the staging table. This issue is resolved. gpload now attempts to use the match columns as the distribution key of the staging table, or provides no distribution clause at all.

Release 6.23.3

Release Date: 2023-03-03

VMware Greenplum 6.23.3 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Changed Feature

MADlib version 1.21.0 is available. This release includes additional fixes and features as described in the MADlib Release Notes.

Resolved Issues

Extensions

[N/A]: Addresses TarSlip vulnerability when extracting tarballs for Greenplum Package Manager ( gppkg).

Server

[N/A] The maximum value of the gp_resource_group_cpu_priority configuration parameter has been changed from 256 to 50 to prevent system peformance degradation.

[N/A] Resolves an issue where gpbackup was generating the CREATE TABLE ... PARTITION BY command with syntax errors, due to incorrect printing of signed constants.

32276, 32679, 13809: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database returned errors similar to 58P01: could not open file : No such file or directory: writing block <block_number> of relation <relation_name>`. Greenplum now better tolerates the failure of bad buffer flushing on a temporary table.
32667: Due to a hard-coded search path, Greenplum Database returned the error operator does not exist: timestamp9 pg_catalog.<= timestamp9 during insertion of a timestamp9 type column into a partitioned table. This issue is resolved; Greenplum now uses the opclass to retrieve an operator for a partitioned table.
14982: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database returned the wrong results when dynamic partition pruning by the Postgres Planner did not consider the operator class of the partition key.
14887: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database returned incorrect results during direct dispatch when the operator of a filter clause did not belong to operator family of the distribution key. Greenplum no longer uses direct dispatch in this circumstance.
5003: Resolves an issue with pg_dump external partition handling. It also removes the pg_upgrade restriction against external partitions.

14923 Resolves an issue where changing the distribution key of an append-optimized table was causing pg_upgrade to fail.

14883: Resolves an issue where the type encodings for dependent array types were not preserved during an upgrade from Greenplum 5 to Greenplum 6.
9405: Resolves an issue where a partitioned table could not be created during an upgrade from Greenplum 5 to Greenplum 6 if the table used list partitioning by a custom type and the type's equality operator was not available in the pg_catalog schema, or was not searchable in the session search_path. The software was modified to obtain the correct schema-qualified operator from the PARTITION BY clause during the upgrade process.
6193: Resolves an issue where an AO/CO table could not be copied if a column had been dropped from the table and the table was subsequently run through pg_upgrade as part of an upgrade process, which generated the error ERROR: decompression information missing.

Query Processing

32731: Resolves an issue where GPORCA returned incorrect results when a query included distinct qualified aggregates.
32695: Resolves an issue where GPORCA generated a crash when a subquery had an ORDER BY clause to an outer reference.
32649: Resolves an issue where GPORCA failed to materialize the inner child of a Nested Loop join and caused performance issues.
32683: Resolves an issue where minirepro diagnostic tool did not collect view statistics nor DDL when the query contained an EXPLAIN command.

MADlib

32672: The database hung for a period of time due to a spike in startup processes while running a MADlib query. This issue is resolved; the new warm start capability of weakly connected components (available in MADlib version 1.21+) limits the number of subtransactions in a given session to ensure that performance is preserved. You must enable this option to take advantage of the feature, possibly requiring script updates on your part. Refer to the Weakly Connected Components MADlib documentation for more information.

Cluster Management

14627: Updates incremental recovery to preserve pg_controldata output for target segments in case of a recovery failure.

Greenplum on vSphere

1472: Resolves an issue in the Greenplum High Availability Service where in some scenarios the service would fail to start while Greenplum is running due to a lower process ID.
1473: Resolves an issue with Greenplum Virtual Service not logging information when errors occurred early in the startup process.
1475: Changed the default behavior of the Greenplum High Availability services, so when Greenplum Database is restarted, the HA services will continue to be active. However in order to stop Greenplum Database, you must stop the HA services first, otherwise Greenplum Database is automatically started.

Release 6.23.1

Release Date: 2023-02-09

VMware Greenplum 6.23.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

Server

32673: Fixes slow query performance when performing a SELECT with a LIMIT clause against a table when using the greenplum_fdw module.
32690: Resolves a PANIC condition that could occur after a server upgrade for certain queries that used the NOT IN clause.
32692: Resolves a problem where gp_autostats_mode_in_functions did not operate correctly in some cases where a COPY or CREATE TABLE .. AS operation ran inside a procedure.
32644: Resolves the error, "ERROR: could not find hash function for hash operator," that could occur with queries having multiple DISTINCT clauses when using the Postgres Planner.
32609, 32561, 32462: Resolved issues where missing WAL records caused errors during incremental recovery.
32583: Resolves an issue where, after server restart, Greenplum Database returned the error could not access status of transaction <tid> because it could not execute any queries that involved distributed snapshots.
14795: Resolved an issue where the archiver did not attempt to restart when it died during postmaster startup.
14769: Changed the definition of the gpexpand.status_detail table (generated during expansion) to be distributed by the table object identifier to more optimally distribute the workload.
14719: Resolved an issue with standby master activation by initiating an asynchronous connection to the walsender.
14679: Updates pg_dump to ensure that the VMware Greenplum Upgrade utility upgrades check constraints.
14576: Resolves a problem where append-only tables that were upgraded from version 5 could show duplicate ctid system column values, and querys that used the indexes of those tables would return incorrect results. The problem was resolved by preserving the gp_fastsequence table during the upgrade process.
14705: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database returned the error permission denied for schema <name> during a CREATE INDEX operation when the owner of the table was not the current user.
14649: Resolves the error, "ERROR: schema "" does not exist," that occured when creating a temporary table from a source table if the source table included comments and either the INCLUDING COMMENTS or INCLUDING ALL clauses was specified.
14520: Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database reported incorrect memory lifetime statistics during out-of-memory conditions and in EXPLAIN ANALYZE output.
14206: Resolved a SEGFAULT that could occur when exchanging partitions with a different distribution policy.
13964: Changed an Assert to a FATAL message log to avoid a crash.
13722: Resolved several assertion failures that could occur for queries with certain join types when using the Postgres Planner.
12690: Resolved a problem where, when memory was limited, certain queries could throw an "insufficient memory reserved for statement" error but would not call the necessary hook for VMware Greenplum Command Center to report the problem.
10269: Added the missing INITPLAN clause to the EXECUTE ON options in the help text for CREATE FUNCTION.
8207: Resolved an issue where ALTER TABLE ... SET WITH (reorganize) invoked on an AOCO table removed some of the table's reloptions in the pg_appendonly catalog. These options are now retained after reorganizing.

Query Processing

14303: Resolved an issue where GPORCA generated a wrong result for a query on a partitioned table when the query evaluated different types of predicates at the same time (for example, date and timestamp).
13958: Removed redundant PartitionSelector insertion for DML operations.

Data Flow

14759: Resolved an internal error that occurred during an INSERT to an append-only table when the RETURNING clause was used to return the ctid system column value. A similar issue was resolved for INSERTs to a table having a trigger that returns the ctid system column value.

Release 6.23.0

Release Date: 2022-12-21

VMware Greenplum 6.23.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.23.0 includes these new and changed features:

The CREATE TABLE command includes a new storage parameter -- analyze_hll_non_part_table -- which allows you to force collection of HLL statistics even if the table is not part of a partitioned table.
The gpmt gp_log_collector command now takes a new option -- -with-gpcc -- which collects Greenplum Command Center logs from a variety of locations, including:
- $GPCC_HOME/logs/*
- $GPCC_HOME/conf/app.conf
- $HOME/gpmetrics/* (Greenplum Command Center 6.8.0+ on Greenplum Database 6.x or Greenplum Command Center 4.16.0+ on Greenplum Database 5.x)
- $MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY/gpmetrics (Greenplum Command Center 6.7.0- on Greenplum Database 6.x or Greenplum Command Center 4.15.0- on Greenplum Database 5.x)
- The output of the gppkg -q --all command
The gpmt gp_log_collector command now takes a new option -- with-gpss -- which collects all logs relevant to Greenplum Streaming Server.
The CPUSET syntax for reserving CPU cores for a resource group has changed to require separate separate core specifications for the master host and segments hosts. When using CPUSET with CREATE RESOURCE GROUP or ALTER RESOURCE GROUP you must configure cores for the master host first and then segment hosts, using a semicolon to separate the two. For example, CPUSET='1;1-3' configures core 1 for the master host, and cores 1 through 3 for segment hosts.
The Greenplum Database cluster management utilities now use version 5.7.0 of the psutil Python library.
The embedded Python distribution is updated to version 2.7.18.
Greenplum Database 6.23 limits the number of supported CUBE grouping columns to a maximum of 12.
Improves analyzedb performance when it operates on a large number of tables.
The gpsd and minirepro diagnostic tools now include the number of segments in their command output.
The performance of the minirepro diagnostic tool is improved by using the Postgres Planner instead of the Pivotal Query Optimizer during minirepro restore.
Backports upstream PostgreSQL pg_dump performance enhancements.
Includes pgcrypto module changes to facilitate testing.
The license file for the Windows Client and Loader Tools Package is updated with new terms.
Greenplum Database 6.23.0 introduces three new modules:
- ltree, which provides data types for representing labels of data stored in a hierarchical tree-like structure.
- timestamp9, which provides an efficient nanosecond-precision timestamp data type.
- uuid-ossp, which provides functions to generate universally unique identifiers (UUIDs).
Version 6.23.0 introduces the following new server configuration parameters:
- gp_print_create_gang_time - directs Greenplum Database to log additional information about worker process (gang) creation during query execution.
- gp_max_parallel_cursors - limits the number of active parallel retrieve cursors allowed on a Greenplum Database cluster.
- optimizer_skew_factor - provides a method to configure GPORCA for skew-aware join costing.
The diskquota module was updated to version 2.1, which includes these changes:
- The 10 database limit is removed, diskquota can now monitor up to 50 databases.
- The default value of diskquota.max_active_tables is changed to 300 * 1024 to reduce default memory usage.
- diskquota adds a new configuration parameter, diskquota.max_workers, that you can set to specify the maximum number of diskquota worker processes that may be running at one time.
- diskquota also adds the diskquota.max_table_segments configuration parameter. You can set this parameter to specify the maximum number of table shards supported by diskquota in the Greenplum Database cluster, which gates the number of tables that it can support.
Refer to the diskquota module documentation for installation and upgrade instructions.

Resolved Issues

Server

32596 : Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database dereferenced a null pointer and PANICed during execution of a query that included record-type parameters.

32567 : Resolved an issue where a query could not be terminated with pg_terminate_backend() because Greenplum Database polled an invalid (-1) file descriptor. Greenplum now removes invalid file descriptors from the polling list.

32557 : Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database returned the error correlated subquery with skip-level correlations is not supported when it executed a query (that ran successfully in a previous version of Greenplum) that included a single-level correlated subquery.

32502 : Added additional logging code for resource queue events.

14465 : Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database returned the error no pre-assigned OID for relation ... when an index was created with a WHERE clause that invoked a function.

32573 : Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database was throwing a "PANIC","XX000","Unexpected internal error Master process received signal SIGSEGV" error due to incorrect handling of errors in the explain analyze phase of execution.

14510: Resolved a problem where tables created using the WITH (appendonly, orientation=column) had no entries in pg_attribute_encoding, resulting in a table that could not be queried.
14446: Resolved a problem where GRANT and REVOKE statements that involved both partitioned and non-partitioned tables applied their changes only to partitioned tables, with no error or indication that non-partitioned tables were ignored. The code was modified to ensure that such statements are applied to both partitioned and non-partitioned tables.
122: Resolved problem where pg_dumpall, used by the VMware Greenplum upgrade utility, did not correctly dump tablespaces in VMware Greenplum version 5.x databases.
121: Resolved a problem where upgrade could fail with a pg_upgrade error similar to: could not open Append-Only segment file ""base/16410/20863.1665"": No such file or directory"
n/a: Resolved a problem that could cause the error, ERROR: external table <table> command ended with SHELL TERMINATED by signal SIGPIPE (13), with external table queries executed on the master segment when all tuples were not retrieved from a table scan. The problem was fixed by ensuring that squelching mechanics are applied after a SIGPIPE for queries that excecute on the master node, as they are applied for queries executed on segment nodes.

Query Processing

32481 : Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database cancelled a query due to high virtual memory usage when object identifier duplication caused GPORCA to fall back to the Postgres Planner. GPORCA can now handle object identifiers that are not unique across the system.

32453: Resolves an issue where GPORCA failed to produce a plan when the query involved an update on a partitioned table by removing an unused DML column.
32291: Resolves an issue where GPORCA generated a poor plan because it did not identify operation skew. GPORCA introduces the new optimizer_skew_factor server configuration parameter that you can use to enable skew-aware join costing.

14155 : Resolves an issue where a query failed with the error data is corrupt because GPORCA used an incorrect hashing function when it translated a constant value for a text-type domain.

N/A : Resolves an issue where a query that included a DynamicSeqScan with a subplan failed with the error Unexpected internal error.

Cluster Management

32190 : Resolved an issue where gprecoverseg failed to detect than an instance of pg_basebackup was already running, which led to the corruption of the data directory and a PANIC error.

Extensions

N/A : Resolved an issue where diskquota failed to launch new background workers before a slots used by a previous worker was freed. Also changed the logging level for background worker events to less verbose (from INFO to DEBUG1).

N/A : Resolved an issue where, when running pg_basebackup, the last WAL segment file could have a checksum mismatch across the primary and mirror segments.

Other

14530 : Resolved an issue with the open source distribution of Greenplum Database where the installation package was missing required Python libraries.

Release 6.22

Release 6.22.3

Release Date: 2023-07-28

VMware Greenplum 6.22.3 is a maintenance release that resolves a single issue.

Resolved Issues

Data Flow

32851: Resolves a segment hang that could occur if gpfdist was loading data from an external table and the connection between gpfdist and the segment was broken. Previously the code did not probe gpfdist connections for keepalive messages, so if the connection was broken the segment would hang indefinitely, waiting for an end-of-file (EOF). This problem was resolved by ensuring that keepalive parameters are set and enforced for gpfdist connections.

Release 6.22.2

Release Date: 2022-11-18

VMware Greenplum 6.22.2 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

Server

N/A: Resolved an issue where treating non-plan nodes as plan nodes was causing memory corruption and PANIC errors.
N/A: Resolved an issue where a CREATE INDEX command on an AO/CO table would hang if there was a pre-existing read-only transaction accessing the same table.
N/A: Resolved an issue where a key internal process was crashing when theree were too many simultaneous connections to the database.
N/A: Resolved an issue where memory corruption occurred after a VACUUM command due to an internal data structure not being correctly initialized.
N/A: Resolved an issue where DELETE FROM queries on AO/CO auxiliary tables were erroring out.
N/A: Resolved an issue with pg_dump where, during gpcopy operations, external leaf tables were copied as heap tables instead of external tables.
32523, 32314: Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database might drop packets and generate interconnect errors due to incorrect cache eviction logic on remote peer shutdown.
32367: Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database was consuming high amounts of memory when processing column oriented tables that had high numbers of partitions.
32367, 14122: Resolved memory leaks related to dynamic bitmap scan on column-oriented tables.
32495: Resolved a performance issue that occured when Greenplum Database planned a query that included a subselect containing a GROUP BY clause (as distinct).
32491: Resolved an issue where pg_upgrade failed when it restored an external table that had a dropped column(s).
32455: Resolved an issue where a PANIC error occurred after an attempt to split a partition into a new partition and a default partition on a table that did not have a default partition.
32458: Resolved an issue where running an internal function on a partition table caused the master Greenplum Database instance to crash.
32500: Resolved an issue introduced in Greenplum Database 6.21.0 where the error "PANIC","XX000","Unexpected internal error: Master process received signal SIGSEGV occurred after executing a query that included an unsupported feature.
14177: Resolved an issue where a snapshot could not be imported because the timestamp was missing, affecting snapshot visibility.

14107 : Resolved an issue where Greenplum Database returned the error operator 37 is not a valid ordering operator because it incorrectly generated a sort operator and equality operator when the types of left and right operand differed.

14003 : Resolved a compile warning by replacing a strncpy() call with memcpy().

Query Processing

32525: Resolved a problem where GPORCA would fall back to the planner for queries having an intersection of bit values if one of the bit vectors returned a size of 0. GPORCA now correctly removes the empty vector and produces a correct query plan.
32505: Resolved an issue where GPORCA did not generate a performant plan when the query included an N-ary join with only inner joins, and the predicate was false.
32480: Resolved a crash that could occur during query planning for certain UNION queries if the output column for the first child of the UNION was dropped in the projection, making statistics for the column unavailable. The problem was resolved by ensuring that none of the project eleents are dropped.
32450: Resolved a problem where GPORCA failed to do direct dispatch when filtering gp_segment_id on conjunction constraints.
32291: GPORCA now produces a more performant query plan for queries where it can propagate a predicate from scalar ANY subquery to the outer relation.
14297: Fixed a regression in PostGIS compatibility that caused an exception if the TVF constant value was NULL. GPORCA now correctly falls back to the planner in this case.
14273: Resolved an issue where GPORCA could crash when a query involved dynamic partition elimination with a dynamic partial scan.
14246: Resolved a dependency issue that occurred when minirepo was run on a query that accessed a materialized view.

Data Flow

32536: Resolved a pgbouncer problem where admin users logging into the pgbouncer database were logged in as the pgbouncer user instead of as the configured admin_user.

Release 6.22.1

Release Date: 2022-10-07

VMware Greenplum 6.22.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

Server

32314-1: Resolved a problem where queries could hang while using an interconnect proxy if network issues occurred during common TCP interconnect teardown operations. A timeout mechanism was introduced to ensure that sender(s) have closed the peer end of the receiver's connections.
32314-2: Resolved a problem where logs from ic_proxy did not consider the current setting of the gp_log_interconnect configuration parameter. The parameter value is now taken into consideration in the ic_proxy logging mechanism.
14189: Resolves an issue where a mirror failed to start archiving WAL after it was promoted when the mirror was configured with archive_mode=on.
14000: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database wasted resources when it examined plan nodes that belong to other slices and initialized unnecessary structures. Greenplum now eliminates alien nodes before execution for entry db.
13997: The psql command \d+ now shows correct index information for append-only auxiliary tables.
13739: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database returned a wrong result or silently errored out when a subplan contained a SharedScan and the subplan's parent Plan included motion, by fixing cross-slice interaction detection for subplans.
11948: Resolved a crash that could occur because Greenplum incorrectly allowed REINDEX TABLE on a partitioned table from within a PL/SQL function. Because REINDEX TABLE on partitioned table expands the table and starts a new transaction to reindex each table, the operation cannot be rolled back and may crash if called within PL/SQL. The code was modified to prevent this operation from running inside of a function.

Query Processing

32467: Resolved a query failure that could occur if a predicate with a set-returning function was pushed down in cases where the context could not accept a set. The existing logic was updated to ensure that such predicates are not pushed down.
32465: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database consumed a large amount of memory when GPORCA planned certain queries that generated a dynamic bitmap scan.
32307: Resolved a problem where GPORCA generated poor query plans because it did not permit aggregate functions from running on replicated slices. This meant that results were always broadcasted or gathered on a single segment in order to ensure consistency and correct results. The code was modified to ensure that commonly-used aggregate functions which are not sensitive to the order of data (such as sum, avg, count, min, and max) are safely executed. For cases where aggregate functions are sensitive to the order of data (such as array_agg and custom user-created functions) this optimization is avoided.
32233: Addressed a performance problem where outer join operations performed unnecessary data redistribution to create a hash distribution specification from the inner relation. The code was modified to derive a combined hash specification for outer join operations from both relations.

Cluster Management

32289: Resolves an issue where gpcheckcat incorrectly flagged default privilege objects as having missing dependencies.
11105: Resolved a problem where gpactivatestandby promotion could fail because the process did not wait long enough for the walreceiver process to shut down. The problem was fixed by synchronizing the standby promotion timeout value with the mirror promotion timeout value.

Release 6.22.0

Release Date: 2022-09-09

VMware Greenplum 6.22.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.22.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Database now includes a plugin that allows you to monitor Greenplum Text clusters via Greenplum Command Center. For more information, see Monitoring Greenplum Text.
A new extension, plpython3u, is provided to support developing Python 3.9 functions with PL/Python. See PL/Python Language. An additional Data Science Package for Python is provided to install common Python 3.9 modules for developing plypython3u functions. See Data Science Package for Python.
The Data Science Package for Python 2.7 was updated to add the regex package. The package versions for lxml, nltk, tenserflow, tenserflow-gpu, and keras were updated to address CVEs.
pg_dump performance was improved to reduce the time required to dump database schemas during the upgrade process. This especially benefits clusters that have a large number of append-optimized tables.
Greenplum Database now includes a view -- gp_suboverflowed_backend -- created by the new extension gp_subtransaction_overflow-- to help users query for suboverflowed backends. Users can use segment id and process id information reported in the view to terminate the offending backends, thereby preventing degradation of performance. For more information, see Monitoring a Greenplum System.
Greenplum Database now includes an extension -- gp_pitr -- to support implementing Point-in-Time Recovery for Greenplum Database 6X. gp_pitr creates a new view -- gp_stat_archiver -- and two new internally used user-defined functions. For more information, see Additional Supplied Modules.
The pgcrypto extension was updated to support FIPS encryption via the pgcrypto.fips configuration parameter. See Configuring FIPS Encryption in the pgcrypto documentation.
The diskquota module was updated to version 2.0.1, and introduces a change to logging behavior. Now, if the diskquota module is enabled in a database that has existing data but you do not run the diskquota.init_table_size_table() function, a single error message is logged when the Greenplum cluster starts up. In earlier versions of diskquota, the error message was logged repeatedly (approximately every 2 seconds) and could flood the log monitor system with the same error.
Greenplum Database introduces a new server configuration parameter, optimizer_enable_replicated_table, that you can use to control GPORCA's behavior when it encounters DML operations on replicated tables. By default, GPORCA attempts to plan and execute operations on replicated tables.
Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.8.0 is included, which includes new features, changes, and bug fixes. Refer to the Greenplum Streaming Server Documentation for more information about this release and for upgrade instructions.
The s3 protocol now supports obtaining S3 authentication credentials from the default AWS credential file, ~/.aws/credentials.
gpfdist now supports reading and writing files compressed with the Zstandard compression algorithm.
The file protocol now supports reading files compressed with the Zstandard compression algorithm.
Greenplum Database 6.22.0 introduces a new module, ip4r, that provides data types for operations on IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses.
Greenplum Database 6.22.0 introduces a new module, postgresql-hll, that provides HyperLogLog data types for PostgreSQL and Greenplum Database.
The gp_percentile_agg module has been updated fix a bug and to generate more performant plans for ordered-set aggregates with skewed data. If you are currently using this module, you must upgrade the module after you upgrade Greenplum Database.
Greenplum Database 6.22.0 adds the f_smgr public interface for storage operations.
The performance of gpexpand computation of table size has been improved.
The PgBouncer distributed with Greenplum Database 6.22.0 adds support for native LDAP authentication between the psql client and the pgbouncer process. Refer to Configuring LDAP-based Authentication for PgBouncer for configuration information.
Greenplum Database supports configuring the ldapsearchfilter attribute in pg_hba.conf. You can optionally use this attribute to provide a search filter to use when doing search+bind authentication. See LDAP Authentication.
Greenplum Database improves pg_dump performance by gathering AO metadata in a single query.
The VMware Greenplum Connector for Apache NiFi version 1.1.0 is available, which includes a change. Refer to the Greenplum Connector for Apache NiFi Documentation for more information about this release.
The gpmt gp_log_collector utility now includes the --with-gpbackup option to collect logs related to backup and restore operations. See gpmt gp_log_collector.
The DataDirect ODBC drivers were updated to version 7.1.6+7.16.445 to include the latest fixes and to no longer require acceptance of a separate licensing agreement. If you have installed a DataDirect ODBC driver version 7.1.6+7.16.389 or earlier, see Upgrading DataDirect ODBC Drivers. The new version resolves a compatibility issue with the Greenplum Direct Query Custom .pqx connector and Microsoft's PowerBI Gateway. Both the ODBC driver and .pqx connector must be upgraded on Desktop and Gateway systems.

Resolved Issues

Server

32398 : Fixes double freeing of a buffer during stream teardown that resulted in a PANIC.

32384 : Resolves an issue where a CTE query that involved several columns caused Greenplum Database to PANIC.

32381 : Resolves Postgres CVE-2022-2625, Extension scripts replace objects not belonging to the extension.

32271 : Resolves an issue where SELECT or other read-only operations resulted in setting hint bits on pages, which generated Full Page Images (FPI) WAL records, and introduced a large replication lag. Greenplum Database now extends the use of the wait_for_replication_threshold server configuration parameter for this scenario.

32063 : Resolves an issue where gpupgrade execute ran slow due to inefficient and repetitive pg_dump metadata queries.

31879, 32167 : Subtransaction overflows that are causing performance problems can now be easily identified and terminated.

31298 : Resolves an issue where a big lag between the primary and mirror during incremental recovery halted transactions on the primary.

14041 : Resolves an issue where creating a bitmap index on a column, and using the bitmap index to scan with a NULL array condition on this column, failed.

13929 : Resolves an occasional overflow state by adding a GUC to control the output of a suboverflow transaction SQL statement.

13902 : Resolved an issue where the current client_encoding is applied as the default value, causing a problem when client encoding is different from server encoding. The problem is fixed by using GPDB server encoding by default, whether it is QD or QE, making the default encoding of external tables the same as the database encoding.

13888 : Resolves an issue where a query on a replicated table that was created from INSERT INTO SELECT FROM another replicated table returned incorrect results when sequence generation was involved.

13883 : Fixed potential memory leak by using delete to destroy objects allocated by new[].

13882 : Fixes query time failures caused by escaped characters in S3 URLs.

13614 : Improves performance by adding a GUC to control the output of suboverflow SQL statement transactions.

11848: Resolves an issue where the final query plan included unnecessary sort nodes when the query included grouping sets with distinct qualified aggregates.

Query Processing

32273 : Adds server configuration parameter optimizer_enable_replicated_table, which is on by default, to control GPORCA planning and execution of operations on a replicated table. GPORCAfalls back to the Postgres Planner when this parameter is set to off.

Data Flow

13811, 8194 : Removes unnecessary null pointer checks in gpcloud.

13882 : Replaces escape characters with spaces in s3 protocol URLs to prevent query time failures.

31797 : Resolves an issue with s3 protocol S3 authentication by adding support for obtaining credentials from the default AWS credential file.

32029 : Resolves a pg_exttable catalog table encoding mismatch by defaulting to the server encoding.

32365 : Resolves a gpfdist performance issue by adding support for Zstandard compression.

Cluster Management

181803382: Resolves an issue where gpinitsystem could throw an error when running with the debug ( -D) option.
32157: Resolves an issue where gpexpand would repeat the error Port <port-number> used multiple times on <host-name> if a segments were not in their preferred roles. gpexpand now correctly assigns port numbers in this case, but generates a warning message to indicate that segments are not operating in their preferred roles.

DataDirect ODBC

32225: The DataDirect ODBC driver version 7.1.6+7.16.445 resolves a compatibility issue with the Greenplum Direct Query Custom .pqx connector and Microsoft's PowerBI Gateway. Both the ODBC driver and .pqx connector must be upgraded on Desktop and Gateway systems. See Upgrading DataDirect ODBC Drivers.

Release 6.21

Release 6.21.3

Release Date: 2022-10-28

Server

32495: Resolved a problem where the planner produced an inefficient query plan and poor performance if a subquery contained a GROUP BY clause (as DISTINCT), because the sublink could not be converted to a join.

Release 6.21.2

Release Date: 2022-08-25

Server

32358 : Index creation is now allowed on partitioned tables containing external partitions. Creating a non-unique index on a partitioned table will ignore external partitions, but fail if any of the indexes is a constraint index.

32293 : Updates the index VACUUM strategy for Append-Optimized tables to correctly determine when an index entry can be removed. An index entry is now removed only after ensuring that the entry points to a droppable segment, and is therefore already invisible.

31941 : LDAP bind credentials that were leaked to the log after failed login attempts are no longer a security risk.

13860 : The EPQ routine for AO/AOCS relations and DML node has been disallowed.

13699 : Duplicate gp_fastsequence values (ctid) no longer appear in AO tables.

Query Processing

32348 : Non-optimal plans that caused queries to hang were fixed by setting the number of rebinds (rescans) correctly when statistics are copied.

Release 6.21.1

Release Date: 2022-08-03

Features

Greenplum Database 6.21.1 includes a new metrics collector extension that is compatible with Greenplum Command Center 6.8.

Resolved Issues

Server

13881 : Resolves an issue in transaction processing where transactions were erroneously rolled back because gang processes were being deleted.

12690 : Resolves an issue where, when a memory limit was hit, a query was throwing errors without calling the correct cleanup function.

13874 : Resolves an error handling issue that caused PANIC errors during query execution.

32237 : Fixes for PostgreSQL CVE-2022-1552 have been backported to secure Autovacuum, REINDEX, and other commands that activate relevant protections too late or not at all.

32211 : A pg_upgrade check for parent partitions with seg entries was added to prevent upgrade failure, and logicalEof was added to errdetail in OpenAOSegmentFile.

32210 : Primary now writes a special WAL at the place where the mirror is supposed to continue streaming the rest of the broken WAL.

31937 : pg_resetxlog infrastructure is used to set the oldest xid instead of freezing the catalog, preventing CLOG truncation during a segment upgrade.

13706: Resolves an error, FATAL: Unexpected internal error (list.c:395), that could occur when creating a plan for a correlated subquery against a partitioned table. The problem occurred in some queries when an InitPlan could not be created, and the planner generated copies of nested subplans in the wrong order. The fix ensures that first level subplans and nested suplans are generated correctly in this situation.
13696: Improves planning performance for DML queries by avoiding unnecessary planning for join tree relations, especially with complex subqueries.

13694 : A fix for the logic in pg_lock_status() that keeps it from missing some rows and counting others twice has been backported.

13678: Resolves a problem where unnecessary checks were performed when runaway_detector_activation_percent was deactivated (set to 100).

13675 : An error is thrown when COPY FROM/INSERT will result in inserted data being invisible to user queries issued from master.

13669: Resolved an assertion failure, "FATAL" error "Unexpected internal error (vmem_tracker.c:436)","Process 399817 will wait for gp_debug_linger=120 seconds before termination, that could occur during initialization when resource groups were enabled.

11662 : Appendoptimized materialized views now have invalid relfrozenxid.

6716: Resolves a problem where CREATE EXTENSION WITH SCHEMA failed because VMware Greenplum did not set up the search_path on both the Query Dispatcher and the Query Executor before executing the extension script.

Query Processing

32302 : Prevents optimizer from crashing during query optimization due to lack of statistics.

32273 : Adds a GUC that keeps queries on distributed replicated tables from hanging when using ORCA by controlling fallback for replicated tables.

32238 : ORCA now requires an index type to properly cost bitmap scans before performing full table scans.

32233 : Eliminates query performance difference between GPORCA and Postgres.

32125 : The master logger process that was creating high load on master, causing segments to go down, was fixed by processing the string with two kinds of modification.

32061 : ORCA now prevents creation of spill files by pushing cast operations below the join when safe.

13746 : Fallback to Postgres optimizer when a target list in CTE producer is empty.

13683 : Fixes incorrect addrefs that caused memory leaks.

Data Flow

32199: Resolves a problem in the fixed width formatting code that could cause the error The line delimiter specified in the Formatter arguments: < 3> is not located in the data file even though the text was formatted correctly. The problem occurred because the code did not handle the situation where the end of a buffer coincided with the end of the data (and therefore does not include an expected newline character).
32151: Resolves a gpfdist crash that could occur during session clean up if a session timed due to a disk full condition. Instead of crashing, gpfdist now logs an error for this condition.

VMware Greenplum on vSphere

1102 : Resolved an issue where users were seeing WARNINGS in gpinitsystem logs when there was a mismatch between what the hostname utility reported and the actual segment host name.

1042 : Resolved an issue where "command not found" warnings were seen during deployment of Greenplum.

1034 : Resolved an issue where deployment would fail if the segment count was equal to 1 or odd numbers for Mirrored Greenplum deployments.

844 : Resolved an issue where a manual shutdown of the Guest OS would show a 'failed' state for the Greenplum Virtual Service.

Release 6.21.0

Release Date: 2022-06-10

VMware Greenplum 6.21.0 is a minor release that includes new and changed features and resolves several issues.

Caution
Beginning in version 6.21.0, the Resource Groups implementation was changed to calculate segment memory using gp_segment_configuration.hostname instead of gp_segment_configuration.address. This implementation can result in a lower memory limit value compared to the earlier code, for deployments where each host uses multiple IP addresses. In some cases, this change in behavior could lead to Out Of Memory errors when upgrading from an earlier version. Version 6.23.4 introduces a configuration parameter, gp_count_host_segments_using_address, that can be enabled to calculate of segment memory using gp_segment_configuration.address if Out Of Memory errors are encountered after an upgrade. This parameter is disabled by default. This parameter will not be provided in Greenplum Version 7 because resource group memory calculation will no longer be dependent on the segments per host value.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.21.0 includes these new and changed features:

The LOCK TABLE SQL command now includes a MASTER ONLY option; when enabled, Greenplum Database locks tables on the master only, rather than on the master and all of the segments. This option is particularly useful for metadata-only operations.
The gp_parallel_retrieve_cursor contrib module is no longer Beta, it is promoted to a supported feature.
The greenplum_fdw contrib module is no longer Beta, it is promoted to a supported feature.
Greenplum Database now supports the SET TRANSACTION SNAPSHOT command.
Greenplum Database 6.21.0 adds support for both the SCRAM-SHA-256 password hashing algorithm and the scram-sha-256 client authentication method. Refer to Protecting Passwords in Greenplum Database for more information.
Greenplum Database now includes a configuration parameter — gp_interconnect_address_type — to specify the type of address binding strategy Greenplum Database uses for communication between segment host sockets. This allows users, if their configuration permits, to specify that Greenplum use a unicast address — rather than a wildcard address — for interconnect sockets. This reduces port usage on segment hosts and prevents interconnect traffic from being routed through unintended (and possibly slower) network interfaces.
Log messages that are generated for connection checks between the Query Executor and Query Dispatcher now include the error number that was generated by the receiver.
Greenplum Database introduces a new server configuration parameter, gp_log_endpoints, that you can use to enable logging of parallel retrieve cursor endpoint details.
Greenplum Database introduces the new resource group server configuration parameter gp_resource_group_enable_recalculate_query_mem. The default value of this parameter is false; Greenplum Database calculates the maximum per-query memory allotment for each segment host based on the memory configuration and the number of primary segments on the master host. If the memory configuration of your Greenplum Database master and segment hosts differ, set the parameter to true so that Greenplum calculates the maximum per-transaction memory allotment for a segment host based on the configuration of that host.
Greenplum Database 6.21.0 introduces a new module, gp_percentile_agg, that you can use to improve GPORCA plan generation performance for queries that include ordered-set aggregate functions such as percentile_cont(), percentile_disc(), and median().
Greenplum Database 6.21.0 includes version 2.0 of the diskquota module. This version introduces support for schema and role tablespace disk quotas as well as per-segment tablespace quotas. diskquota can also now enforce quota hard limits; if a query exceeds a disk quota during execution, diskquota terminates the query. Refer to the module documentation for more information and for upgrade instructions.
The VMware Greenplum Connector for Apache NiFi version 1.0.1 is available, which includes a change. See the Connector 1.0 Release Notes for more information.
The Greenplum Magic Tool (gpmt) family of tools now includes the gp_storage_rca_collector tool, which collects storage-related artifacts. See the storage_rca_collector topic for details.
The gpmt gp_log_collector tool now collects PXF logs and gpupgrade logs. In addition, this tool has been enhanced to collect system initialization timestamps, /var/log/dmesg content, and output from top and sar commands.
The PgBouncer distributed with Greenplum Database has been updated to version 1.16.1.
Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.7.2 is included, which includes changes and bug fixes. Refer to the Greenplum Streaming Server Documentation for more information about this release and for upgrade instructions.
For customers deploying Greenplum on vSphere, the following new features and changes have been introduced in this release:
- The Greenplum Virtual Machine now provides a service running on the master VM that monitors the postmaster process and restarts the process if it fails. This improves the reliability and availability of the postmaster process. It is enabled by default.
- The Greenplum Virtual Machine now provides a service running on each segment VM that monitors the segment process and restarts the process if it fails. This improves the reliability and availability of the segment process. It is enabled by default.
- Greenplum on vSphere is now supported on vSphere 6.7 and higher.
- Greenplum on vSphere now supports mirrorless Greenplum deployments.
- The VxRail reference architecture has been updated to recommend 100GbE networking instead of 25GbE. Increasing the available network throughput significantly improves storage system performance and provides a more balanced system across resources.
The PostGIS spatial database extension version 2.5.4+pivotal.7.build.1 is included, which contains updated GEOS and EXPAT dependencies. Because the GEOS geometry library is updated to version 3.10.2; PostGIS now includes support for the ST_Subdivide, ST_ClipByBox2D, ST_VoronoiLines, and ST_VoronoiPolygons functions.

Resolved Issues

Server

32247, 13532 : Prevents panic in Planner by not bringing a SegmentGeneral path that refs outer Params to SingleQE.

32229 : Resolves a problem with TCP/UDP connections communicating across different subnets by adding a new GUC, gp_interconnect_address_type, which allows users to switch from the wildcard default to a unicast IP address to support motion communication. (Resolved by PR-13344.)

32220 : Moves incrementing txns_using_rel to follow ERROR reports to fix leaks in AppendOnlyHash entries. (Resolved by PR-13570.)

32213, 13549 : Resolves wrong date behavior by rejecting ambiguous 5 digit date strings in non-standard formats.

32173 : Resolves slow intermittent query response by using hostname instead of an IP address to compute the segment hosts. Because a typical Greenplum deployment has multiple IP addresses pointing to the same host machine, using IP addresses generally calculates the wrong number of segments and leads to a higher memory limit than intended. In some cases, this change in behavior could lead to Out Of Memory errors when upgrading from an earlier version. Version 6.23.4 introduces a configuration parameter, gp_count_host_segments_using_address, that can be enabled to calculate of segment memory using gp_segment_configuration.address if Out Of Memory errors are encountered after an upgrade. This parameter is disabled by default. This parameter will not be provided in Greenplum Version 7 because resource group memory calculation will no longer be dependent on the segments per host value.

32067, 32141 : Resolves an issue where OOM errors have occurred during queries by adding a new GUC, gp_resource_group_enable_recalculate_query_mem.

32066 : Prevents gp_tablespace_segment_location() from executing on entrydb QE. (Resolved by PR-13287.)

31957 : Enhances OLAP performance by ensuring that both sides of the NOT-IN sublink testexpr are non-nullable. (Resolved by PR-13420.)

13446 : Fixes incorrect scan position during bitmap index words scans. (Resolved by PR-13522.)

32205 : Falls back to Planner from ORCA if a target list is empty.

13467 : Resolves a cache lookup failure for attribute 0 of relation xxx from child inheritance/partition table to parent.

182378648 : Enables recursion for utility mode connections to propagate ALTER OWNER commands to child tables during pg_restore, which must run in utility mode.

n/a : Reverts a problematic commit that enclosed a check for interrupts (CFI) in a try-catch statement. (Resolved by PR-13568.)

n/a : Adds additional GUC defaults for ICW mirrorless tests. (Resolved by PR-13563.)

n/a : Provides checks on fatal exit status and outputs file location for users of pg_upgrade. (Resolved by PR-13475.)

n/a : Fixes double freeing during a debug build that caused Assertion failure. (Resolved by PR-13472.)

n/a : Adds distributed snapshot support to pg_export_snapshot. (Resolved by PR-13470.)

n/a : Allows LOCK TABLE to be conducted on MASTER ONLY to improve performance. (Resolved by PR-13463.)

n/a : Preserves append-optimized options for tables without indexes when creating internal tables from query results. (Resolved by PR-13461.)

n/a : Backports part of recovery TAP tests that can be supported on Greenplum 6 and related TAP framework changes. (Resolved by PR-13375.)

n/a : Restores visibility of some GUCs that were hidden from users' pg_settings. (Resolved by PR-13353.)

n/a : Resolves suboptimal plans by enabling a GatherMerge alternative for non-EstMaster singleton distribution. (Resolved by PR-13294.)

n/a : Improves the authentication framework by backporting scram-sha256 to Greenplum 6. (Resolved by PR-13286.)

n/a : Resolves an issue where debug trace output was incorrectly reported at DEBUG3 level by adding an external boolean server configuration parameter, gp_log_endpoints, to print endpoints information to server log. (Resolved by PR-13254.)

n/a : Upgrades pgbouncer to support scram-sha256 to provide a strong password hash for Greenplum. (Resolved by PR-13146.)

n/a : Fixes queries with mode() aggregate crashes when QueryFinishPending is set to true. (Resolved by PR-13096.)

Query Processing

31988 : Resolves performance differences between ORCA and Planner by generating an alternative that pushes aggregates below Materialize.

31995 : Adds support for ordered aggregates by preventing ORCA from falling back to Planner, which resulted in suboptimal performance for Madlib functions.

13242 : Enables a check to redistribute tuples before updating, preventing wrong results for ORCA plans that use split updates.

181905507 : Resolves an issue where Assertion failed in a debug build by accounting for the memory for the object.

32205 : Resolves cases where improper handling of empty target lists results in a crash.

181707276 : Resolves a DQA issue that did not include the aggregation stage in hash calculation.

n/a : Resolves an issue where ORCA pushed UDFs down to the segments, but made suboptimal cost comparisons between plans. (Resolved by PR-13384.)

n/a : Correctly represents Table Value Function in ORCA as a constant value, preventing it from returning incorrect results. (Resolved by PR-13535.)

n/a : Resolves an issue with incorrect results from replicated tables. (Resolved by PR-13058.)

n/a : Resolves a performance issue with ORCA producing suboptimal plans. (Resolved by PR-13327.)

Cluster Management

180823003 : Resolves an issue where gpstate was incorrectly reporting mirror segments as not initialized when they had been initialized using pg_ctl. This was due to the mirror segment port number listed in postgresql.conf being out of sync with the number listed in the gp_segment_configuration table.

Data Flow

32209 : Creates gpload6 to update the data loading utility for Greenplum 6.x. (Resolved by PR-13465.)

32179, 31372 : Fixes a reported gpfdist error, unknown meta type 108. (Resolved by PR-13457, PR-13458.)

32169, 13448 : Fixes a crash that occurs when an error is thrown during cdbdisp_destroyDispatcherState.

Extensions

n/a : Fixes a memory leak in SetupUDPIFCInterconnect_Internal() with read-only transactions. (Resolved by PR-10314.)

Release 6.20

Release 6.20.5

Release Date: 2022-06-02

VMware Greenplum 6.20.5 is a maintenance release that resolves two issues.

Resolved Issues

Query Optimizer

32142: Resolves an issue where a query on a partitioned table took longer to plan and execute with GPORCA than with the Postgres Planner. GPORCA planning time performance is improved by disabling partition constraint calculations for such queries.

Server

32119: Resolves an issue where a user-defined function was unable to access a replicated temporary table because the identifier of the session's temporary namespace was not dispatched to all gangs.

Release 6.20.4

Release Date: 2022-05-18

VMware Greenplum 6.20.4 is a maintenance release that resolves a single issue.

Resolved Issues

Server

32229, 32204 : The fix for 32140, added in Greenplum 6.20.3, introduced a regression. Interconnect failures could occur if multiple subnets where configured on the same host, but routing between the subnets was not enabled. This problem was resolved in version 6.20.4 by reverting the original fix.

Release 6.20.3

Release Date: 2022-04-08

VMware Greenplum 6.20.3 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

Server

32133 : Resolves an issue where an attempted failover to mirror segments resulted in a PANIC error on all primary segments because FTS was failing the primary over prematurely.

32140 : Resolves an issue where queries were failing with the message “bind: Address already in use”. This was due to Greenplum Database running out of UDP ephemeral ports when creating listener and sender sockets for UDP interconnect, due to high concurrency (exacerbated by primary segment density -- the number of acting primaries on a given segment host).

32111, 13245 : Greenplum Database crashed during the redistribution phase of cluster expansion when processing an AO table that had an index because Greenplum ignored the storage options on the original table. Greenplum now reconstructs the storage options of the original table during this operation rather than use the current default storage options.

13920 : Removes platform-specific limitation from socket message type recognition logic by using int.

13212 : Resolves an issue where the Postgres Planner returned the error unexpected join qual in JOIN_LASJ_NOTIN join while planning a query that included a multi-column NOT IN with a NULL constant value.

13202 : Updates the Postgres Planner to allow direct dispatch of gp_segment_id and include it as a distributed column constraint.

Cluster Management

32160 : Resolves an issue where rebalancing segments with gprecoverseg -r was failing with timeout errors. This has been resolved by increasing the timeout value for promoting mirror segments to primary.

Query Optimizer

32130 : Resolves an issue where an ANALYZE operation on a table that included an xml-type column took a long time to complete because there is no equality operator for the type.

13172 : Resolves an issue where GPORCA might crash when a strict function with zero arguments was used as a filter for NULL rejection.

181646913 : Resolves a C++ compiler and nullptr usage mismatch by using NULL instead.

Data Flow

32076 : Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database ignored the ON MASTER clause provided in a writable external table definition that specified the s3 protocol. Greenplum now fully supports ON MASTER for s3 writable external tables.

31730 : Improves gpload by choosing a better default distribution key for the staging table. gpload now uses the distribution key(s) of the target table as the distribution key(s) for the staging table. If the target table was created DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY, gpload uses the MATCH_COLUMNS as the staging table's distribution key(s).

181229489 : Resolves an issue where gpload did not recognize special characters like capital letters in a staging table name when the name was enclosed in double quotes.

13399 : Adds SSL connection regression test cases.

Release 6.20.1

Release Date: 2022-03-25

VMware Greenplum 6.20.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.20.1 resolves these issues:

Server

32136, 13292 : Resolves an issue where queries using recursive CTE with a window function or an ordered set aggregate function (special aggs) would cause a PANIC.

32123, 13265: Resolves an issue where the result of an UPDATE query that included a NOT IN operator identified that one row was updated, when in fact the row was not updated.
32086, 13195: Resolves an issue where minirepro returned the error cache lookup failed for relation N due to Greenplum's special handling of a type conversion from unknown to text.

32050 : Resolves issues with error check with pg_upgrade check mode. Upgrade checks are now allowed to progess even if there are failures, and can also check the target cluster.

13264: Removes a memory leak in the dtx recovery process.
12390: Removes memory leaks.
181428106: Adds a check to error out when a DECLARE ... PARALLEL RETRIEVE ... command is invoked, but the gp_parallel_retrieve_cursor extension is not registered in the database.

Cluster Management

32018: Resolves an issue where running gpstate -e on the master generated the message FATAL","57P03","connections to primary segments are not allowed.

Query Optimizer

32126: Resolves an issue where GPORCA returned the error could not determine which collation to use when a query used a Nested Loop Index join, and the join condition included a function like upper(); GPORCA now propogates collation information in this case.
32072: Resolves an edge case where GPORCA returned unexpected results on a query that included an immutable function returning a custom data type; Greenplum Database now falls back to the Postgres Planner.
12710: Resolves a performance issue that occurred when GPORCA generated an inefficient query plan for a query that included a common table expression (CTE) and where the result set was used more than once.
181647276: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database crashed when it encountered a query using an ALL operator that had an implicit cast on the left-hand side of the expression.
181576677: Fixes an issue where a previous bug fix broke the printing of expression properties used to debug.

Release 6.20.0

VMware Greenplum 6.20.0 is a minor release that includes feature changes and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.20.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Database 6.20 has been tested on and is supported for deployment to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 64-bit 8.7 or later (RHEL8).

Important
A kernel issue in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5 and 8.6 can cause I/O freezes and synchronization problems with XFS filesystems. This issue is fixed in RHEL 8.7. See RHEL8: xfs_buf deadlock between inode deletion and block allocation.

Note
For existing VMware Greenplum 6.20 or later deployments, VMware does not support upgrading the underlying operating system from RHEL7 or earlier to RHEL8 without also rewriting the database data. If you upgrade the operating system to RHEL8, you must also rewrite the Greenplum data by restoring a full backup that was created using gpbackup, or by using the VMware Greenplum Data Copy Utility (gpcopy).

PostGIS 2.5.4+pivotal.6.build.1 is included to provide support for deployment on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 64-bit 8 (RHEL8).
MADlib version 1.19.0 is included to provide support for deployment on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 64-bit 8 (RHEL8). This release includes additional fixes and features as described in the MADlib Release Notes.
Mirrors can now be added, recovered, or moved independently of each other. This has two consequences:
- Previously, Greenplum Database required that when adding, recovering, or moving mirrors, all mirrors had to successfully complete the pg_basebackup phase before any mirrors could be marked as up. Now, mirrors that successfully complete pg_basebackup can be marked as up independently of other mirrors.
- Previously, if adding, recovering, or moving mirrors failed during pg_basebackup then none of those mirrors would be marked as up and the user would have to re-run these operations for all mirrors. Now, the user only need re-run these operations for those mirrors that failed during pg_basebackup.
The Console now provides more detailed information on failures during moving, recovering or adding mirrors. Specifically, it reports the hostname and port number of the mirrors that failed to be moved/recovered/added. It also includes the location of log files for failed pg_basebackup and pg_rewind operations, and the location of the data directory for pg_ctl start failures.
The gpstate -e command now includes an additional section in its output: "Segments in recovery." This section reports on the progress of each segment's recovery. Specifically, for each segment it reports:
- the recovery type (incremental or full)
- the number of completed bytes
- the number of total bytes
- the percentage of recovery the segment has completed
gp_log_collector now collects data from pg_db_role_setting instead of pg_settings and now collects settings related to resource groups.
The Query Optimizer (GPORCA) improves query performance by supporting query plan generation for ordered aggregates. You can configure GPORCA to generate query plans for ordered aggregates by setting the new optimizer_enable_orderedagg server configuration parameter to true.
The Query Optimizer (GPORCA) now supports bitmap scans on partitioned tables that contain both heap and AO partitions.
Greenplum 6.20.0 now bundles the btree_gin PostgreSQL contrib module. This module provides sample generalized inverted index (GIN) operator classes that implement B-tree equivalent behavior for certain data types.
Greenplum 6.20.0 now bundles the pg_trgm PostgreSQL contrib module. This module provides functions and operators for determining the similarity of alphanumeric text based on trigram matching. The module also provides index operator classes that support fast searching for similar strings.
The pageinspect module now includes support for bitmap indexes as described in the module documentation. If you are currently using the module in a database, you must upgrade the module to access the new functionality.
Greenplum 6.20.0 introduces the new contrib module gp_array_agg. This module implements a parallel array_agg() aggregate function for Greenplum Database.
Greenplum 6.20.0 introduces support for retrieving data, in parallel and on demand, directly from Greenplum Database segments via the new gp_parallel_retrieve_cursor (Beta) contrib module.
Greenplum 6.20.0 introduces support for accessing data stored in one or more external Greenplum Database clusters via the new greenplum_fdw (Beta) contrib module, which implements a foreign-data wrapper.
The gp_sparse_vector contrib module includes a bug fix. If you are currently using the module in a database, you must upgrade the module to obtain the fix.
The CREATE SERVER command exposes a new OPTIONS named num_segments. The greenplum_fdw foreign-data wrapper supports this option; you use it to identify the number of segments in the remote Greenplum Database cluster.
Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.7.0 is included, which includes new and changed features and bug fixes. Refer to the Greenplum Streaming Server Documentation for more information about this release and for upgrade instructions.
The PXF version 6.3.0 distribution is available with this release; you can download it from the Release Download directory named Greenplum Platform Extension Framework on Broadcom Support Portal under the desired Greenplum release. Refer to the PXF documentation for information about this release and for installation and upgrade instructions.
For customers deploying Greenplum on Dell EMC VxRail, the following enhancements have been introduced to the guidelines, and reference templates:
- Greenplum Command Center (GPCC) is now included by default in the Greenplum Virtual Machine. After deploying Greeplum, GPCC will be accessible and ready to use. For details on the GPCC user account, see Setting Up the GPCC Login User.
- The Storage Policy has been updated from Stripe 1 to Stripe 4, to improve vSAN performance.
- The Greenplum deployment via your own template now allows you to enable vApp options that will be used by Terraform during deployment. For details see Installing the Greenplum Database Software
- This release adds documentation for changing the Data Disk size during the Greenplum Virtual Machine deployment. For details see Modifying Resources.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.20.0 resolves these issues:

Cluster Management

174741420: Resolves an issue where gpstop was throwing an error and failed to stop the cluster if the standby master host was unreachable.

Query Optimizer

31891: Resolves a query performance issue on a large table where GPORCA's default behaviour was to use a group aggregate. GPORCA now introduces the gp_array_agg hash aggregate that can be used in this circumstance.

Server

32038: Resolves an issue where SELECT * from <view> was intermittently failing with the message "FATAL: Internal error: Using fd > 65535 in MPP_FD_SET".
32089: Resolves an issue where the server was failing to acquire resources on one or more segments due to shared snapshot collisions. The code now handles cleanup of worker processes differently during idle cleanup session timeouts.
31606: Resolves an issue where the identical query was running significantly more slowly in 6.x than in 5.28 because an incorrect amount of memory was allocated to the query.
32009, 12986: Resolves an issue with the gp_sparse_vector module where using the == operator against a NULL operand generated a PANIC.
12797: Resolves an issue where index corruption could occur when an invalid snapshot was used with an AO table.

Resolves an issue where calling the gpmt utility with the primarymirror_lengths option was failing due to unavailability of the pg_filespace_entry table. Queries have been updated to use the gp_segment_configuration table instead.
Resolves an issue where calling the gpmt utility with the tablecollect option was failing because the pg_class table no longer has the reltoastidxid column.

Data Flow

31996, 7321: Resolves an issue where gpload occasionally failed and reported the error GC object already tracked due to a double-free of an object.

Release 6.19

Release 6.19.4

Release Date: 2022-03-11

VMware Greenplum 6.19.4 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.19.4 resolves these issues:

Data Flow

32102, 8012: Resolved an issue where gpfdist would fail to load some data in a .gz data file if the file contained multiple end-of-file (EOF) flags. gpfdist code was modified so that it continues reading from a .gz data file until it reaches the actual EOF flag.

Server

32098, 32079: If the checkpointer process failed to open segment 1, the segment number was incorrectly reset to 0. This could cause an infinite loop of retries and failures and lead to the pg_xlog file growing in size with the checkpointer process hanging. The problem was resolved by ensuring that the segment number is not reset to 0 in this situation.
32095: Resolved an issue where gpexpand was failing with error "table has already been expanded partition prepare". The gpexpand code has been modified so that the expand script -- a two-stage process -- can be run again in the second stage if it fails in the first stage.

Release 6.19.3

Release Date: 2022-02-25

VMware Greenplum 6.19.3 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.19.3 resolves these issues:

Server

32056: Resolves an issue where querying the gp_toolkit.gp_resgroup_status_per_segment view returned the error value ... is out of range for type integer when the OID of a resource group was greater than 2^31.
32026: Resolves an issue where a pg_upgrade check for heterogenous partition tables failed during a major version gpupgrade when a Greenplum Database 5.x partitioned table included a dropped column(s).
31977: Resolves an issue where ALTER TABLE ... SET WITH (REORGANIZE=false) DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY incorrectly triggered a data redistribution.
13107: Resolves an issue where disk space for a dropped relation was not freed on transaction commit; Greenplum Database now truncates the files.
13105: Resolves a file descriptor leak on AO segment files.
13044: Resolves an issue where the access of an incorrect variable could cause a crash on an out-of-page read.
12936: Resolves an issue where a CREATE TABLE .. AS (...) WITH NO DATA could crash the server when pg_attribute_encoding was omitted.
12054: Resolves an issue where the execution of a multi-level correlated query with a high level of nesting could cause a segfault or provide incorrect results.

Query Optimizer

32074: Resolves a performance issue that was observed when GPORCA planned a query on a partitioned table with a large number of columns and indexes.
179048211: In some cases, the Query Optimizer generated incorrect results when the query included an =ALL operator. This issue is resolved.

Data Flow

32080: Resolves an issue where gpload, when REUSE_TABLES: true, could not find a staging table to reuse, and failed to create the staging table in the public schema. This issue is resolved; gpload now creates staging tables in the same schema as specified by EXTERNAL: SCHEMA:.

PostGIS

178647728: The latest PostGIS release fixes the RPATH values for PostGIS and dependent library ( .so) files. With this fix, you can use gpupgrade on systems that have data of PostGIS-defined types including geometry, geography, etc., provided that the latest build of PostGIS 2.1.5+pivotal.3 is installed on both the Greenplum Database 5 and Greenplum Database 6 clusters.

Release 6.19.2

Release Date: 2022-02-11

VMware Greenplum 6.19.2 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.19.2 includes these changes:

Greenplum 6.19.2 introduces a change to WAL record replay for AO tables to enable future support of archive recovery.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.19.2 resolves these issues:

Server

32068: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database generated a PANIC and the error ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE exceeded during the execution of certain queries after an upgrade to version 6.19.0 or 6.19.1.
32002: Resolves an issue where incremental recovery failed because pg_rewind was erroneously trying to delete the gpbackup default directory.
13067: Resolves a memory leak that was introduced with the fix for issue 31740.
13040: Clarifies a misleading error message that was displayed when resource group-based resource managment was active and Greenplum Database detected an out of memory condition. Greenplum now outputs different error messages based on the current states of Vmem, system, query, and resource group memory allocation.

Query Optimizer

12796: Resolves an issue where the Query Optimizer returned incorrect query results when the query plan included a materialize over a bitmap scan by removing the unnecessary projection of recheck/scalar filter columns.

Cluster Management

32012, 31894: Resolves an issue where gpcheckcat returned the error invalid input syntax for integer during the orphaned_toast_tables test because the command did not correctly handle a temporary toast table.
12957: Resolves an issue where invoking gpconfig or gpinitsystem -p to set the value of a server configuration parameter(s) comments out any parameter setting in the postgresql.conf file whose name starts with the same text string.
32042: Resolves an issue introduced in Greenplum Database 6.19.0 where gpinitisystem was failing during the add mirrors portion of initializing, due to entries missing from the pg_hba.conf file.

Data Flow

31936, 31913: In certain cases, an INSERT operation performed on a gpfdist external writable table both did not write the complete data set and reported no error. This issue is resolved; gpfdist now correctly reports and completes error processing when it encounters a retry failure due to poor network conditions.

Release 6.19.1

Release Date: 2022-01-21

VMware Greenplum 6.19.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.19.1 includes these changes:

Greenplum Database 6.19.1 introduces the server configuration parameter gp_log_resqueue_priority_sleep_time. You can use this debug parameter when resource queue-based resource management is active to enable statement sleep duration logging for post-query concurrency analysis.
When wal_level=minimal, Greenplum Database now suppresses insert and truncate WAL records for mirrorless clusters to decrease disk space usage and to improve performance of AO/AOCO operations.
The acl and owner tests are no longer run by default when you invoke the gpcheckcat utility. You can choose to run one or both of these test suites by specifying the -R option to the command.
The gpexpand.status_detail table includes a changed column (root_partition_name is now named root_partition_oid) and a new column (rel_storage).

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.19.1 resolves these issues:

Server

31957, 12930: Resolves a runtime performance issue that was observed when a query that included a NOT IN / IN construct was more performant when run on Greenplum 5.x compared to Greenplum 6.x.
31850, 12703: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database might PANIC if a primary segment goes down during a transaction that operates on a cursor.
31019: Resolves an issue where the gpexpand.status_detail table did not allow for tracking partitions during expansion by expanding each leaf partition separately, in parallel.
12975: Resolves an issue where the Query Dispatcher failed when it encountered an error processing nextval() and subsequently cancelled all unfinished Query Executors.
12900: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database incorrectly restored a null-valued server configuration parameter.
12851: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database logged an INFO-level message with the text provided user name (<username1>) and authenticated user name (<username2>) do not match because it performed an unnecessary authentication check.
12647: Synchronizes the Greenplum Database amgetbitmap definition with upstream PostgreSQL.
9649: Resolves an issue where an intermittent LWLock panic error occurred when canceling a query that is waiting on a resource queue.
9904: Resolves an issue where PANIC errors were occurring due to the server erroneously collecting execution statistics when the query failed.

Query Optimizer

31884: Resolves an issue where the Query Optimizer generated a plan for a query that included a subquery ALL construct that could generate incorrect results or crash during execution.
31986: Resolves an issue where a query crashed during optimization when the Query Optimizer relied on statistics that were not yet derived; Greenplum Database now falls back to the Postgres Planner.
31953: Resolves an issue where a query returned the error could not determine which collation to use for string comparison when the Query Optimizer could not determine the collation string to use for a string comparison when the column was generated by an expression.
31956: Resolves an issue where users could not cancel analyzedb because process interrupts were not being handled correctly.
180241036: In some cases, the Query Optimizer generated an incorrect cardinality estimate when a predicate contained an ALL operator. This issue is resolved.

Cluster Management

31311 : Resolves an issue where gpcheckcat ran slowly due to long-running acl and owner tests by removing these test suites from the default set of tests that are run.

Release 6.19.0

Release Date: 2021-11-24

VMware Greenplum 6.19.0 is a minor release that includes feature changes and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.19.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum 6.19.0 includes the utilities gpmemwatcher and gpmemreport for tracking and analyzing memory usage.
The Greenplum Platform Extension Framework (PXF) software is removed from the Greenplum Database Server distribution. If you are running PXF from your Greenplum installation ($GPHOME/pxf), you must download and install a PXF rpm or deb package to continue using the service in your Greenplum Database 6.19.0+ cluster. See Upgrading Greenplum in these release notes and Upgrading PXF When you Upgrade Greenplum 6 for upgrade information.
Greenplum 6.19.0 introduces three new connection server configuration parameters: gp_dispatch_keepalives_count, gp_dispatch_keepalives_idle, and gp_dispatch_keepalives_interval. You can use these parameters to tune TCP keepalives between a Query Dispatcher and its Query Executors.
Greenplum 6.19.0 includes commits from PostgreSQL releases 9.4.24 to 9.4.26.
The s3 external table protocol now supports a config_server option. You can use this option in the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE LOCATION clause to specify the http/https server URL from which Greenplum Database obtains the s3 protocol configuration file.
gpload adds a NEWLINE property to the load control file. You can use this property to specify the type of line break present in text and CSV files that you load with the tool.
Greenplum 6.19.0 introduces the enable_implicit_timeformat_YYYYMMDDHH24MISS server configuration parameter. You can set this parameter to on to instruct Greenplum Database 6.19+ to enable the deprecated implicit conversion of a string with the timestamp format YYYYMMDDHH24MISS into a valid date/time type.
The Query Optimizer (GPORCA) improves optimization time performance by not generating nested loop join alternatives when a hash join is possible. You can configure GPORCA to restore its prior behavior by setting the new optimizer_force_comprehensive_join_implementation server configuration parameter to true.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.19.0 resolves these issues:

Cluster Management

31849: Resolved an issue where the memreport utility was failing with the error Unable to find postmaster process due to incorrect parsing options.
179158687: Resolved a gpinitsystem failure that could occur if .bashrc was configured to display banner text. A marker has been added to the output so that gpinitsystem can ignore banner text when interpreting output messages.
180235316: Resolved an issue where the log file did not show that Greenplum was started in restricted mode if master only mode was used ( gpstart -m -R).
180291768, 179715424: Resolved a packcore/gdb test failure that occurred when environment variables were set on RHEL8 systems.

Data Flow

31768: Resolved an issue where gpload was reporting the error No such file or directory",,,,,,"CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS dataflow; when connecting to a Greenplum Database 5.x. This fix checks the Greenplum version to determine whether it should create a new extension.

Greenplum Installation

572: Resolved an issue with the rpm installers, so installing Greenplum does not overwrite the symlink if the install file is for a different major version.

Query Planner

31759: Resolves in issue where an EXPLAIN ANALYZE query never completed by improving optimization time performance. GPORCA now deactivates the generation of nested loop join alternatives when a hash join is available.
31712: Fixed a bug where a window aggregate query crashed during execution by improving MemoryContextContains().
31391: Improved the default optimization cost model for GPORCA since the exhaustive2 algorithm was causing performance regression.
180418263: Removes a stale assertion that caused GPORCA to generate different plans when running Greenplum Database with and without asserts.
180467007: Resolves an issue where GPORCA generated an incorrect plan for a CTAS operation because it created a hash distribution spec with the wrong operator families.

Server

Postgres CVE fixes: This release backports the following Postgres CVE fixes:

CVE-2021-23214 Server processes unencrypted bytes from man-in-the-middle.
CVE-2021-23222 libpq processes unencrypted bytes from man-in-the-middle.

31952: Resolved an issue where gpload reported the error date/time field value out of range: <date> when loading data originating in Greenplum 5 by introducing the new server configuration parameter enable_implicit_timeformat_YYYYMMDDHH24MISS.
31940: When global_deadlock_detector was set to on, parallel update jobs could sometimes fail and cause a segment crash (SIGSEGV). When global_deadlock_detector is enabled, the Query Executor can become blocked by another transaction's UPDATE operation. However, when the Query Executor later became unblocked it would attempt to re-initialize all sub-plans even if they were not needed for the plan being re-evaluated. Greenplum now considers subplan motions when re-initializing, and correctly throws an error instead of causing a PANIC condition.
31887: Resolves a resource queue issue where a session with multiple active portals did not decrement the active statement count following a deadlock report or statement cancellation.
31808: When running a COPY command using SELECT, WHERE and ON SEGMENT, Greenplum was not saving the segment data correctly. This issue is now resolved.
31654: Resolved an issue where not all spill files were using the GUC temp_tablespaces. Now all spill files will use temp_tablespaces if set.
11307: Fixes Query Catalog Table errors when using targetlists with generate_series functions, and Index Only Scan plans.
12228: Resolves generation of faulty plans that could result in segfault on indexed tables. The issue occurred when path nodes with bottleneck locus types (Entry and SingleQE), and equal numsegments, were moved.
12871: Resolves a PL/pgSQL function infinite recursion issue by always writing a snapshot file to the default tablespace, even when temp_tablespaces is set.
12860 - pg_upgrade: Deactivates the pg_upgrade check for line datatypes.
12656: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database may incorrectly drop ORDER BY and DISTINCT ON clauses in a subquery when it pulls up sublinks.

11308: Fixed a bug that caused data corruption during scan on bitmap index when there was an INSERT operation running in the backend.
10955: Improved the logging and adjusted log level from INFO to DEBUG for the message We thought we were done (...) but libpq says we are still busy.
179498672: When using mirrorless clusters, queries did not fail during virtual machine restart. This issue has been fixed by adding new GUCs to tune TCP keepalives for connections between the Query Dispatcher and Query Executors: gp_dispatch_keepalives_count, gp_dispatch_keepalives_idle, and gp_dispatch_keepalives_interval.

Release 6.18

Release 6.18.1

Release Date: 2021-10-29

VMware Greenplum 6.18.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.18.1 resolves these issues:

Server

31756: In some cases, an INSERT query that was run on a table containing a sequence column could not be cancelled. This issue is resolved; Greenplum Database now adds an interrupt check when it processes the next value of a sequence.
31740: Resolved an issue where incremental gprecoverseg failed to bring a mirror segment back online. This was due to the checkpointer process on a newly recovered mirror failing because the recovery process was searching for a file that had been rightfully deleted.
12670: Introduces a contentId ( %c) parameter to the WAL archive_command and restore_command; this parameter identifies a WAL stream from a given segment.
12024: Removes the redundant calls to Gpmon_Incr_Rows_Out() that made the rowsout field of gpperfmon qexec packets incorrect for Sort nodes.
11371: Resolves an AOCO table inconsistency that occurred when an ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN operation was rolled back.
179726460: The pg_xlogdump utility was not providing sufficient information to assist in diagnosing bitmap index issues. This has been resolved. pg_xlogdumpnow includes bitmap-related information.
179719406: The pg_log utility was not providing sufficient information to assist in diagnosing bitmap index issues. This has been resolved. The bitmap index name is now included in Greenplum Database logs.

Query Optimizer

31784: If ANALYZE was performed against a leaf partition as part of a transaction, statistics for the leaf were never merged. ANALYZE would first update the leaf statistics, but when checking to determine if all leaves have been analyzed, it would use a cache that did not include the updated number of rows. This would then trigger a sampling of the root table, which can be expensive. The problem was resolved by advancing the command counter to make the page and tuple updates visible when merging the leaf statistics.
31774: Resolves an issue where the Query Optimizer generated an incorrect plan and returned wrong results on a select count(*) query when it incorrectly handled a nested set-returning function.
31767: In some cases, the Query Optimizer ran out of memory when planning a query because it did not correctly propagate the OOM error that would ultimately cancel the query. This issue is resolved in the Query Optimizer runaway cleaner exception handler.

Release 6.18.0

Release Date: 2021-10-8

VMware Greenplum 6.18.0 is a minor release that includes feature changes and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.18.0 includes these new and changed features:

The gpstate -e and gpstate -s commands now provide more detailed output about the status of primary-mirror segment WAL synchronization. Moreover, as part of these output changes:
- The gpstate -s output fields Change tracking data size, Estimated total data to synchronize , and Data synchronized output fields are now gone.
- The Mirror status field in gpstate -s output for primary segments now has just two valid values: Synchronized or Not in Sync.
Greenplum 6.18.0 introduces a new Query Optimizer server configuration parameter, optimizer_xform_bind_threshold. You can use this parameter to reduce the optimization time and overall memory usage of queries that include deeply nested expressions by specifying the maximum number of bindings per transform that GPORCA produces per group expression.
The new gp_autostats_allow_nonowner server configuration parameter enables you to configure Greenplum Database to trigger automatic statistics collection on a table when the table is updated by a non-owner. This parameter is off by default.
Greenplum 6.18.0 introduces the new contrib module gp_legacy_string_agg. This module implements the single-argument string_agg( text ) function that is available in Greenplum 5; you may choose to use the module to aid migration to Greenplum 6.
The license file for the Windows Client and Loader Tools Package was updated to the latest version.
Greenplum 6.18.0 removes the ~/.gphostcache file; the management utilities now use an alternate mechanism to map hostnames to interfaces.
To enhance the supportability of the product and to aid debugging efforts, Greenplum Database now reports both the reserved and maximum virtual memory allocation when it encounters an out of memory (OOM) condition.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.18.0 resolves these issues:

Server

Postgres CVE fixes: This release backports the following Postgres CVE fixes:

CVE-2020-25696 psql's \gset allows overwriting specially treated variables.
CVE-2020-25695/ Multiple features escape "security restricted operation" sandbox
CVE-2021-32027/Buffer overrun from integer overflow in array subscripting calculations

31736, 31727

When the log_lock_waits GUC was enabled it resulted in spurious deadlock reports and orphaned wait queue states which, in turn, could lead to memory corruption of certain internal tables. This issue is resolved by disabling the log_lock_waitsGUC.The log_lock_waits GUC is not supported by Greenplum Database.

31736 - Resource Queues

Due to improper error handling, Greenplum Database raised a duplicate portal identifier warning that was in some cases immediately followed by an out of shared memory error. This issue is resolved; Greenplum Database now raises distinct errors for duplicate portal identifier and out of shared memory.

31734

Greenplum was generating the error ERROR: interconnect error: A HTAB entry for motion node 77 already exists after creating the extension for the ltree module. This issue has been resolved.

31725 - Execution

In some cases, Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when the user cancelled a query on an AO table due to a double free of a visimap object. This issue is resolved.

31708 - Catalog and Metadata

Resolves an issue where a non-superuser who ran VACUUM FULL on a table that they had no permission to access could block further access to the table by currently running transactions. Greenplum Database now performs the permission check before it acquires a lock on the table.

31704 - Planner

In some cases, Greenplum Database returned an incorrect plan when an UPDATE statement included a subquery. This issue is resolved.

31679 - Functions and Languages

Resolves an issue where a function invocation failed with the error cannot create a unique ID for path type: 116 by disallowing the unique row id path when Greenplum Database encounters an index-only scan.

31654 - Storage

Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database did not honor the temp_tablespaces setting when it generated temporary files during a sort operation on a large data set. Greenplum now places these temporary files in a tablespace specified in temp_tablespaces.

31617 - Resource Groups

A database instance was failing to start up, with the message Command pg_ctl reports Master gdm instance active because a mirror segment couldn't be recovered. This was due to the incorrect type of lock being used when creating or altering a resource group. This issue is resolved.

31615 - Analyze

Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database did not collect statistics on a table when the table was updated by a non-owner. Greenplum Database 6.18 introduces the new server configuration parameter gp_autostats_allow_nonowner (default is off) to enable automatic statistics collection when a non-owner updates a table.

31517

Fixed a bug with function fixup_unknown_vars_in_setop that would cause Greenplum Database to PANIC.

31385 - Planner

Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database returned wrong results for a query because it chose an incorrect motion type during plan tree iteration.

12482

Reinstates the Greenplum Database-specific --wrapper and --wrapper-args options to the pg_ctl command that were available in Greenplum Database 5.

12420

Fixes an environmental variable generation issue caused when symlinks were pointing to alternative locations than the ones expected.

12419

Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database, during node recovery, generated an error when the field standby_mode=on was set in the recovery.conffile. The error was similar to:

"FATAL","22023","recovery command file ""recovery.conf"" request for standby mode not specified",,,,,,,0,,"xlog.c",5465

Greenplum Database now supports server recovery in a non-continuous mode using standby_mode=on.

12409

pg_relation_filenode() function did not provide proper output for Append Optimized (AO) auxiliary tables. This issue has been resolved.

12408

Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database threw an assertion failure when the size of an AO table exceeded 1GB.

12402

Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database failed to complete a query when the target relation of an UPDATE or DELETE operation was a partition table and Greenplum generated a unique row id plan.

12299 - gpexpand

Resolves an issue where WAL-replication was using excessive external bandwith due to misuse of the hostname and address in gp_segment_configuration. Greenplum Database now uses the primary's address for WAL-replication in gpexpand.

11371

Greenplum Database would initialize pg_aocsseg table entries with frozen tuples to ensure these entries were implicitly visible even after a rollback. This strategy created issues with the roll back of Append Optimized Columnar (AOC) tables. This issue has now been resolved.

685, 9208, 9429

In some cases, the value of a server configuration parameter could be inconsistent among the query dispatcher (QD) and/or query executors (QEs) when the parameter value was updated and then reset in the same session. This issue is resolved.

Query Optimizer

31733: Queries were crashing due to GPORCA prematurely terminating the motion node before interconnect was torn down. This issue is now resolved.
31640: Running queries with GPORCA enabled generated the error ERROR: could not open existing temporary file "base/pgsql_tmp/pgsql_tmp_SIRW_145011_97_0": No such file or directory, caused by temporary file name changes during cross-slice communication. This issue has been resolved.
179345712: Resolved an issue with the minirepro utility where it generated incorrect input when inserting columns containing arrays.
179244161: Resolved an issue where Greenplum processes crashed when trying to write an error message to the log due to a null pointer dereference.
167242211: Resolved an issue that caused wrong results when running queries with GPORCA when having the IS DISTINCT FROM FALSE predicate inside a NOT EXIST subquery.

Cluster Management

31746: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database threw cosmetic errors during gpstate execution when a database of the same name as the $USER running the command did not exist.
31581: gpconfig would fail with error similar to ValueError: filedescriptor out of range in select() due to liveness checks performed on all hostnames associated with each database id. This issue has been resolved and liveness checks are now performend only on unique hostnames.
31558 - gpinitsystem: If a gpinisystem operation failed before creating the necessary segment backout scripts, manual steps were required to clean up the directories after the failure. To resolve this problem gpinisystem now creates a single backout script earlier in the process; the script can be used to cleanup all segment directories even if a failure occurs later in the gpinisystem operation.
179336062: The Greenplum utilities gprecoverseg, gpinitstandby, gpstart, and gpstop fail when there is a message banner in .bashrc. This issue has been resolved, and now banner messages are not parsed.
178936675 - gpstate: Beginning in Greenplum 6.0, the gpstate utility no longer provided mirror synchronization status. This problem was resolved by adding the Mirror status field in gpstate -s output for primary segments.
178831426 - gpcheckperf: When executing gpcheckperf via gpssh, the gpcheckperf utility could issue a pkill -f command that killed the gpssh process and disconnected the established SSH connections. This problem was resolved by removing the use of pkill -f in gpcheckperf.
178761563: Removes unrelated output message regarding netperf test, that was shown when running gpcheckperf -r N.
178637128: Fixes the issue of the missing --help option for gpcheckcat.

Data Loading

N/A: Reverts a previously-committed gpload improvement that removed a left-join merge because it introduced a performance regression in certain situations.
31613, 12454: Resolves an issue where a COPY command failed to read a file that included special characters at the end of a line because Greenplum Database did not recognize the EOL character.

Release 6.17

Release 6.17.7

Release Date: 2021-10-2

VMware Greenplum 6.17.7 is a maintenance release that resolves a single issue.

Resolved Issue

Server

31818: The fix for issue 11308, added in Greenplum 6.16, introduced a regression that could cause incorrect results for queries having a bitmap index condition. This problem was resolved in 6.17.7 by reverting the original fix.

Release 6.17.6

Release Date: 2021-9-25

VMware Greenplum 6.17.6 is a maintenance release that resolves a single issue.

Resolved Issue

Server

31807: Incorrect bitmap index page data was written to WAL logs, resulting in bitmap index corruption after failover to mirror segments or after crash recovery on primaries. This issue has been resolved.

Release 6.17.5

Release Date: 2021-9-22

VMware Greenplum 6.17.5 is a maintenance release that resolves a single issue.

Resolved Issue

Postgres Query Planner

12583: A previous fix to resolve duplicate sequence values (178253995) resulted in a performance regression. An incomplete hash key in the fix caused most hash table lookups to fail, which increased the time required to insert data having columns with sequence values. The problem was resolved by ensuring that the hash key contains complete information.

Release 6.17.4

Release Date: 2021-9-21

VMware Greenplum 6.17.4 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.17.4 resolves these issues:

Query Optimizer

31715: A memory allocation function failed to handle a null pointer exception, which could lead to a system panic when creating the memory pools on Greenplum segments. This issue was resolved, by raising an exception if the memory allocation fails.
31732: A query plan with a nestled loop join and a dynamic table/index scan on the inner side of the join could cause an out of memory exception during a high concurrency workload. This was caused by an inefficient use of executor memory in the dynamic table/index scan operators. This issue has been resolved.

Server

31776: Segment failover caused bitmap index corruption and returned the error Invalid page in block 0 of relation. This was caused by the metapage not being present in the shared buffers. This issue has been resolved.

Release 6.17.3

Release Date: 2021-8-30

VMware Greenplum 6.17.3 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.17.3 resolves these issues:

Query Optimizer

31714: In some cases, when processing queries that contained inner joins, the optimizer failed to process statistics, which resulted in a PANIC. This has been resolved.

Server

31726, 31696: A lock table corruption issue caused the Greenplum Database master segment to PANIC if a query waiting for a resource queue lock was cancelled, or if the query errored with a deadlock report. This issue is resolved.

Release 6.17.2

Release Date: 2021-8-6

VMware Greenplum 6.17.2 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.17.2 resolves these issues:

Cluster Management

31558: This fix creates a single backout script when gpinitsystem runs so it is possible to clean up all segment directories in case of an error.
178761563: The gpcheckperf output displayed a NOTICE about deprecated flags for gpnetbench, however these flags are still used in netperf. This fix removes the NOTICE message.
178637128: The command gpcheckcat now has a --help option.
31581: For large clusters gpconfig returned the error filedescriptor out of range in select() due to the liveness check being performed on all hostnames associated with each Database ID. This fix addresses this issue by performing liveness check only on unique hostnames.

Extensions

31610: This version introduces a new type extension pljavat which only installs a language handler for the trusted language pljava and not the untrusted language pljavau.

Query Optimizer

178747560: For queries that insert from a replicated table into a distributed table, the query optimizer could generate a plan that produced incorrect results. Specifically, for operations involving a SEQUENCE function on the replicated table, the result was not guaranteed to be identical across different segments. This issue was resolved by identifying these scenarios and redistributing tuples from a single segment, rather than exploiting the advantages of replicated table.
31609: The query optimizer generated a better plan with optimizer_join_order set to "greedy" in comparison to the default value of "exhaustive." This occurred because the default join order algorithm was partial to finding a plan that exploited dynamic partition elimination (DPE) and sometimes ignoring cases where both static and dynamic partition elimination would improve plan performance. This was done to prevent increasing the optimization time significantly at the expense of a sub-optimal plan. To avoid generating sub-optimal plans, the query optimizer now generates both partition elimination options but only for the greedy algorithm, regardless of the join order chosen. This helps to generate some lower-cost alternatives while incurring only a moderate increase in optimization time (15%).
31556: Creating a temp table with DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY from a DISTRIBUTED REPLICATED table put all records into one instance when the query optimizer was enabled. This issue was resolved by adding the necessary logic to insure that, when inserting from a replicated table into a randomly-distributed table, the query optimizer randomizes the tuples to data skew.
31515: GPORCA could generate wrong results if a query used both a WITH clause and a join condition across different output columns of the same derived tables. The problem occurred because the distribution policy created for the WITH clause subquery was incorrectly propagated. GPORCA has resolved this problem by pushing properties into the WITH clause only when all columns come from the same derived table.
31448: Incorrectly estimating cardinality for casted columns resulted in a bad join order, which could lead to a query that did not finish. This issue was resolved by updating the cardinality estimation model when the input histogram is not well formed, as is the case when columns are casted.

Server

31564: Resolved an issue where a database server process was not properly holding the partitionLock and ResQueueLock after releasing a resource queue lock following a deadlock error, which resulted in a segmentation fault.

gpload

31466: Resolved an issue where gpload would fail with column names that used uppercase or mixed-case characters. gpload now automatically adds double quotes to column names that are not already quoted in the YAML control file.

Release 6.17.1

Release Date: 2021-7-23

VMware Greenplum 6.17.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues and changes one feature.

Changed Feature

Deactivated unsafe TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 protocols for gpfdist.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.17.1 resolves these issues:

Postgres Planner

31630: Fixed a problem where the Postgres Planner failed to consider aggregates on the entry flow. This could cause queries to fail with: ERROR: MIN/MAX subplan has unexpected flowtype .

Query Optimizer

31522: During a left outer join query, with an index on the join column, the Query Optimizer explored a plan search space that hit an exception, was unable to generate a plan, and reverted to the Postgres Planner. This issue has been fixed by changing the requested collocation property, and eliminating the invalid search space.
174732670: The query optimizer added an unnecessary Explicit Redistribute Motion when generating a plan for queries using DELETE on a randomly distributed table. This issue has been resolved.

Server

12197: Resolves a data corruption issue that could occur with concurrent DML queries on AO/AOCO tables when Greenplum Database was not aware of committed transactions that started after snapshot initiation.

Release 6.17.0

Release Date: 2021-7-9

VMware Greenplum 6.17.0 is a minor release that includes feature changes and resolves several issues.

Greenplum Database 6.17.0 includes these new and changed features:

Features

The PXF version 6.1.0 distribution is available with this release; you can download it from the Release Download directory named Greenplum Platform Extension Framework on Broadcom Support Portal under the desired Greenplum release. Refer to the PXF documentation for information about this release and for installation and upgrade instructions.
The gprecoverseg, gpaddmirrors, and gpmovemirrors utilities now include a -b option to specify the maximum number of segments per host to operate on in parallel.
The gpecheckcat utility now permits users to skip one or more tests, with the new -s option. In addition, the -R option now accepts a comma-separated list of of multiple tests to run.
The Progress DataDirect JDBC Driver v6.0.0+181 is included in this release. See the Readme file for a list of new features available in v6.0.0

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.17.0 resolves these issues:

Server

178150185: Resolved an issue where the message, An exception was encountered during the execution of a statementwas unable to be suppressed. Users can now control the verbosity of the exception message with the log_min_messages GUC.
31335: Resolved an out of memory condition that could occur because the server held certain data contexts longer than necessary.
31185: When altering a role from superuser to non-superuser, the role resource group was not changing from admin_group to default_group. This fix addresses this issue.
31320: Resolved an issue where issuing a UPDATE/DELETE statement while a VACUUM operation was running returned the error tuple concurrently updated, due to an out of date snapshot.
31435: Fixed the error unrecognized parameter "appendoptimized" that was reported when using the appendoptimized clause for a table partition definition.
31584: Resolved a bug that caused the database to crash when running queries against tables that had not been redistributed after an expansion.
31588: Resolved an issue where a CTAS statement referencing a table created with the DISTRIBUTED REPLICATED clause was generating incorrect results with the Legacy Planner.

Query Optimizer

31481: For partitioned tables with indexes, ORCA would cause a PANIC while trying to create an index plan, when root and leaf partitions did not have the same underlying dropped column structure. This issue has been resolved.
31463: Running queries with the GPORCA query optimizer that used an INNER JOIN with an EXCEPT clause was causing a fallback to Legacy Planner and reporting the error: No plan has been computed for required properties. This issue has been resolved.
10967: Resolved an issue where running queries with a LEFT OUTER JOIN were producing incorrect results as it was being replaced with an INNER JOIN in the subquery plan.
31440: Resolved an issue where running a query using UNION ALL and an external table was returning incorrect results with GPORCA query optimizer, due to not all information from the external table being gathered.
177874343: The ORCA Query Optimizer was unnecessarily opting out of certain optimizations when it encountered a NO SQL function. It no longer does that.
178477120: Introduced a fix to verify that materialize does not project in ORCA Query Optimizer.
11880: Resolved an issue with array overflow for function argument types which was causing memory corruption and a database crash with ORCA Query Optimizer.
31527: Resolved a bug in the implementation of Left Outer Joins that was causing a database crash when using ORCA Query Optimizer.

Cluster Management

178173416: Resolved an issue where gprecoverseg -r-- when it called gprescoverseg internally a second time -- did not correctly pass on the -B and -b options.
31417: Resolved an issue where gprecoverseg was updating the pg_hba.conf file on all primaries regardless of whether those primaries needed to be updated.
31350: Resolved an issue where gpmovemirrors -B was calling gprecoverseg with an excessively large number of parallel processes.
31338, 31351: Resolved an issue where old mirror directories were not being removed from old tablespace directories after a mirror was moved using gpmovemirrors.
31419: Resolved an issue where gprecoverseg was printing out empty pg_rewind progress lines for mirrors.
31519: gprecoverseg no longer adds pg_hba.conf entries if they are already present in the file.
31579: For all GUCs with a vartype of string, you may no longer enclose the value you pass to gpconfig -cin single quotes.
178254153: Resolved an issue where gprecoverseg -p was reporting an error despite the operation being successful.
177862886: Resolved an issue where gprecoverseg -p would error out when master could not connect to an individual segment host.

Postgres Query Planner

178238691: Resolved an issue where an error occurred when the planner was executing a query that performed a UNION ALL between a replicated table and a subquery with an explicit sequence nextval.
178253995: Resolved an issue where the sequence executor node was generating duplicate sequence values.

Release 6.16

Release 6.16.3

Release Date: 2021-07-02

VMware Greenplum 6.16.3 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.16.3 resolves these issues:

Server

31549, 31577: Resolved an issue that made Greenplum unable to cast unknown-type literals to cstring in certain circumstances. This problem could surface in several ways including query panics, out of memory conditions, and the following compression error: "ERROR","XX000","compressed data is corrupt (pg_lzcompress.c:737)".

Analyze

31589: When running ANALYZE on a leaf table, Greenplum would compute statistics for all columns when merging statistics for the parent table, even if one or more columns had been configured with STATISTICS set to 0 (to deactivate statistics collection for that column). Greenplum no longer computes statistics for columns that have STATISTICS set to 0 when merging statistics for the parent table.

Release 6.16.2

Release Date: 2021-06-04

VMware Greenplum 6.16.2 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.16.2 resolves these issues:

Cluster Management

178140424: Resolved an issue where, when gprecoverseg -v was invoked, pg_rewind's log was generated but was not preserved in case of an incremental recovery failure.

Server

178280660: Resolved an issue with the Postgres planner partition selection when the types of the partitioning key and the search values are different.
31436: Resolved an issue in which, when running \df+ on a function that has exec location INITPLAN, the Execute oncolumn did not properly display "initplan".
31335: Resolved an out of memory condition that could occur because the server held certain data contexts longer than necessary.
12015: Fixed an inconsistency between master and segments regarding the value of collname when creating a DOMAIN.
11999: Resolved an issue in which CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW was failing with ERROR: division by zero when WITH NO DATA was being specified.

Query Executor

31439: Resolved an issue which caused the database to PANIC due to a double free of the memory context TupleSort.

Release 6.16.1

Release Date: 2021-5-21

VMware Greenplum 6.16.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.16.1 resolves these issues:

n/a - gprecoverseg: Resolved an issue where using gprecoverseg to perform an incremental recovery removed log files from the pg_log directory. gprecoverseg now retains files under pg_log so that they can be used for troubleshooting after an incremental recovery.
177336745 - Cluster Management: Resolved an issue with gpconfig where the process hung when cancelling it due to hosts being unreachable.
31453, 177970816 - Query Optimizer: Resolved an issue in which the optimizer was failing with a segfault while querying a view, if the view had a join between tables and any of the table had a column that was dropped after view creation.
31415 - Server: Resolved an issue in which REFRESH MATERIALIZED QUERY was failing if the WHERE clause included an embedded query.
31405 - Server: Resolved an issue in which certain queries resulted in a master panic because of the way temporary files were being tracked.
31383 - Server: Resolved an issue that was causing slow query performance for view creation when using the NOT in clause.
31380 - Cluster Management: The new functionality for gprecoverseg to ignore segments on unreachable hosts had introduced an issue for the gprecoverseg -p newhost option as it skipped the case of a new host replacing an unreachable host. This issue is now resolved.
31368 - Cluster Management: Resolved an issue with gpmovemirror which caused the wrong error message to be printed when there was an issue with the provided configuration file.
31361 - Query Executor: Resolved an issue in which multiple segments failed with PANIC errors due to how newly allocated memory was being handled.
31337 - Query Optimizer: Resolved an issue in which the optimizer was crashing – instead of simply throwing an error – when it was running out of memory.
31297 - Server: Resolved an issue in which VACUUM FULL ANALYZE was failing to clear some tables of bloat.
31279 - Server: Resolved an issue with incremental recovery when a failed segment that was acting as primary had to be recovered. The issue was caused by WAL files required by the recovery being removed.
31110 - Server: Resolved an issue in which a View with an unknown field could not be restored because columns were not being correctly cast from type cstring to type date.
30762 - Server: Resolved an issue with gpload in which a global transaction was not aborted when the session was reset.
29998 - Query Optimizer: Resolved an issue in which the optimizer was returning incorrect results when the query involved a CTE with an EXCEPT clause. The issue occurred because the query optimizer did not add scalar casts for any input columns whose types did not match the output types of the SetOp.

Release 6.16.0

Release Date: 2021-4-22

VMware Greenplum 6.16.0 is a minor release that includes feature changes and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.16.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Resource Groups include now a new mode for assigning CPU resources by percentage, Ceiling enforcement mode, apart from the existing Elastic mode.
The PXF version 6.0.0 distribution is available with this release; you can download it from the Release Download directory named Greenplum Platform Extension Framework on Broadcom Support Portal under the desired Greenplum release. Refer to the PXF documentation for information about this release and for installation and upgrade instructions.
Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.5.3 is included, which includes changes and bug fixes. Refer to the GPSS Documentation for more information about this release and for upgrade instructions.
Greenplum Database 6.16.0 includes MADlib version 1.18.0, which introduces new Deep Learning features, improvements, and bug fixes. See the MADlib 1.18.0 Release Notes for a complete list of changes.
The gp_sparse_vector module now installs its functions and objects into a schema named sparse_vector. See Resolved Issue 31360.

Note: If you are using gp_sparse_vector in your current Greenplum Database distribution, review Upgrading the gp_sparse_vector Module for upgrade implications and instructions.
The default value of the optimizer_join_order server configuration parameter is changed from exhaustive2 to exhaustive, which was the default used in Greenplum versions prior to version 6.14.0. The Greenplum Database Query Optimizer (GPORCA) uses this configuration parameter to identify the join enumeration algorithm for a query. See Resolved Issue 31391.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.16.0 resolves these issues:

31391 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where a query using the GPORCA query optimizer took longer to complete on Greenplum Database version 6.15.0 with the optimizer_join_order server configuration parameter default value of exhaustive2. The default value of this configuration parameter is changed (back to) exhaustive.
31360 - gp_sparse_vector: Resolves an issue where the gp_sparse_vector array_agg() function overrode the system pg_catalog.array_agg() function and returned a different type of array. The gp_sparse_vector module now installs its functions and objects into a separate schema named sparse_vector.
31333 - Optimizer: GPORCA would generate invalid plans for certain queries with scalar subquery in the projection list, and a predicate that could use an underlying index. This could cause Greenplum Database to PANIC when running certain functions with the Optimizer enabled. This issue has now been resolved.
31308 - Server: Fixed an issue of queries hanging when logging is configured to write NOTICE level messages.
31296 - Server: Fixed an issue with gpcheckcat reporting an error when a VIEW is defined without a target and does not have an entry in pg_attribute.
31272 - Data Flow: In dual stack IPv4 and IPv6 hosts, gpfdist would bind to an IPv4 port but fail to bind to an IPv6 port, if there was another process listening on the same IPv6 port. This issue has been resolved.
31259 - Query Optimizer: When querying partitioned tables that had been defined with open boundaries, the Query Optimizer was performing unnecessary scans. This issue has been resolved.
31247 - Cluster Management: gpstate would log ERROR/FATAL messages relating to gpexapnd.status when no expansion was in progress, and when gpstate -s output showed a healthy cluster state. This issue has been resolved.
31346 - Query Optimizer: Resolved an issue with incorrect group pathkey that was causing the Greenplum database to go into recovery mode when using GROUP BY GROUPING SETS.
11655 - Query Optimizer: Fixed the error Lookup of object 0.0.0.0 in cache failed when querying a partitioned table.
11308 - Server: Fixes an issue where a bitmap index scan running concurrently with an index INSERT on a full bitmap page, occasionally failed to read the correct tid.

Release 6.15

Release 6.15.0

Release Date: 2021-3-11

VMware Greenplum 6.15.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.15.0 includes these new and changed features:

gprecoverseg now rebalances segments whose hosts are reachable even if there are other segments whose hosts are not; for segments on unreachable hosts, gprecoverseg now emits a warning message.
Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.5.2 is included, which introduces bug fixes. Refer to the GPSS Release Notes for more information on release content and to access the GPSS documentation.

Note: If you have previously used GPSS in your Greenplum 6.x installation, you are required to perform upgrade actions as described in Upgrading the Streaming Server.
The analyzedb utility has a new --skip_orca_root_stats option. When this option is specified, analyzedb will not update root partition statistics. This option should be used only if GPORCA is deactivated.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.15.0 resolves these issues:

31267 - Server: Fixed error resource group wait queue is corrupted (resgroup.c:3502) that caused a PANIC on Greenplum Master.
31262 - Server: Resolved an issue with inconsistencies in returned results when using the grouping function.
31260/30895 - External Tables: Fixed issue with Web External Tables when escape='OFF'.
31249 - Query Optimizer: Certain queries that selected random rows in a partitioned table, using functions like random() or timeofday(), would cause host PANIC. This issue has been resolved.
31244 - analyzedb: Added --skip_orca_root_stats option, which prevents analyzedb from updating root partition statistics.
31228 - Data Flow: dblink includes function dblink_connect_no_auth that skips authentication checks.
31223 - Query Optimizer: Fixed optimizer issue with cardinality estimation for point queries on CDOUBLE types, such as timestamp.
31220 - Data Flow: Resolved an issue in which gpfdist reads from external tables were resulting in "No route to host" errors.
31210 - Interconnect: Resolves a high memory usage issue with proxy background worker processes when gp_interconnect_type = proxy, and the pause/resume flow control process causes a busy receiver to cache or duplicate packets while waiting for the backend to consume them. Greenplum Database now uses a more active flow control mechanism to control packet buffering and transmission.
31191 - Server: Fixed planner issue of queries crashing with FailedAssertion error due to planner issue.
31055 - Server: Prohibits the execution of queries with set returning functions in WHERE clause, which caused segment panic. Greenplum now generates an error similar to: set-returning functions are not allowed in WHERE clause.
176693327 - Cluster Management: gpinitsystem now treats equivalent locales as equivalent (for example, en_US.UTF-8 is now treated the same as en_US.utf8).
176521407 - Cluster Management: Because gprecoverseg now reports progress on both incremental and full segment recovery, there is no longer any need to call gpstate -m to determine recovery progress.

Release 6.14

Release 6.14.1

Release Date: 2021-2-22

VMware Greenplum 6.14.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues and includes related changes

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.14.1 includes this change:

PostGIS version 2.5.4+pivotal.4 is included, which resolves the segfault described in PostGIS ticket #4691.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.14.1 resolves these issues:

31258 - Server: Resolves an issue where the array typecasts of operands in view definitions with operators were erroneously transformed into anyarray typecasts. This caused errors in the backup and restore of the view definitions.
31249 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database generated a PANIC during query execution when the Query Optimizer attempted to access the argument of a function (such as random() or timeofday()), but the query did not invoke the function with an argument.
31242 - Server: Optimized locking to resolve an issue with certain SELECT queries on the pg_partitions system view, which were waiting on locks taken by other operations.
31232 - Server: Resolves an issue where, after an upgrade from version 5.28 to 6.12, a query execution involving external tables resulted in a query PANIC and segment failover. This issue has been resolved by optimizing the query subplans.
31211 - gpfdist: When an external table was configured with a transform, gpfdist would sporadically return the error 404 Multiple reader to a pipe is forbidden. This issue is resolved.
176684985 - Query Optimizer: This release improves Greenplum Database’s performance for joins with multiple join predicates.

Release 6.14.0

Release Date: 2021-2-5

VMware Greenplum 6.14.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.14.0 includes these new and changed features:

CentOS/RHEL 8 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server x86_64 12 (SLES 12) Clients packages are available with this Greenplum Database release; you can download them from the Release Download directory named Greenplum Clients on Broadcom Support Portal under the desired Greenplum release.
The PXF version 5.16.1 distribution is available with this release; you can download it from the Release Download directory named Greenplum Platform Extension Framework on Broadcom Support Portal under the desired Greenplum release.
The default value of the optimizer_join_order server configuration parameter is changed from exhaustive to exhaustive2. The Greenplum Database Query Optimizer (GPORCA) uses this configuration parameter to identify the join enumeration algorithm for a query. With this new default, GPORCA operates with an emphasis on generating join orders that are suitable for dynamic partition elimination. This often results in faster optimization times and/or better execution plans, especially when GPORCA evaluates large joins. The Faster Optimization of Join Queries in ORCA blog provides additional information about this feature.
The default cost model for the optimizer_cost_model server configuration parameter, calibrated, has been enhanced; GPORCA is now more likely to choose a faster bitmap index with nested loop joins rather than hash joins.
GPORCA boosts query execution performance by improving its partition selection algorithm to more often eliminate the default partition.
GPORCA now generates a plan alternative for a right outer join transform from a left outer join when equivalent. GPORCA's cost model determines if/when to pick this alternative; using such a plan can greatly improve query execution performance by introducing partition selectors that reduce the number of partitions scanned.
The output of the gprecoverseg -a -s command has been updated to show more verbose progress information. Users can now monitor the progress of the recovering segments in incremental mode.
The gpcheckperf command has been updated to support Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.14.0 resolves these issues:

31195 - Server: Execution: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when the pg_get_viewdef_name_ext() function was invoked with a non-view relation.
31094 - Server: Execution: Resolves an issue where a query terminated abormally with the error Context should be init first when gp_workfile_compression=on because Greenplum Database ignored a failing return value from a ZSTD initialization function.
31067 - Query Optimizer: Resolves a performance issue where GPORCA did not consistently eliminate the default partition when the filter condition in a query matched more than a single partition. GPORCA has improved its partition selection algorithm for predicates that contain only disjunctions of equal comparisons where one side is the partition key by categorizing these comparisions as equal filters.
31062 - Cluster Management: Resolves a documentation and --help output issue for the gprecoverseg, gpaddmirrors, gpmovemirrors, gpinitstandby utilities, where the --hba-hostnames command line flag details were missing.
31044 - Query Optimizer: Fixes a plan optimizer issue where the query would fail due to the planning time being dominated by the sort process of irrelevant indexes.
30974 - Server: Execution: Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when a query run in a utility mode connection invoked the gp_toolkit.gp_param_setting() function. This issue is resolved; Greenplum now ignores a function's EXECUTE ON options when in utility mode, and executes the function only on the local node.
30950 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where GPORCA did not use dynamic partition elimination and spent a long time planning a query that included a mix of unions, outer joins, and subqueries. GPORCA now caches certain object pointers to avoid repeated metadata lookups, substantially decreasing planning time for such queries when optimizer_join_order is set to query or exhaustive2.
30947 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database returned the error no hash_seq_search scan for hash table "Dynamic Table Scan Pid Index" because GPORCA generated a query plan that incorrectly rescanned a partition selector during dynamic partition elimination. GPORCA now generates a plan that does not demand such a rescan.
11211 - Server: During the parallel recovery and rebalance of segment nodes after a failure, if an error occurred during segment resynchronization, the main recovery process would halt and wait indefinitely. This issue has been fixed.
11058 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an optimizer issue where CTE queries with a RETURNING clause would fail with the error INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE must be executed by a writer segworker group.
174873438 - Planner: Resolves an issue where an index scan generated for a query involving a system table and a replicated table could return incorrect results. Greenplum no longer generates the index scan in this situation.

Release 6.13

Release 6.13.0

Release Date: 2020-12-18

VMware Greenplum 6.13.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.13.0 includes these new and changed features:

This release introduces the new VMware Greenplum Connector for Apache NiFi 1.0.0. The Connector provides a fast and simple, UI-based way to build data ingestion pipelines for Greenplum Database, code-free. The Connector is available as a separate download from Broadcom Support Portal under the desired Greenplum release. Refer to the VMware Greenplum Connector for Apache NiFi documentation for installation, configuration, and usage information for the Connector.
Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.5.0 is included, which introduces many new and changed features and bug fixes. Refer to the GPSS Documentation for more information on release content and to access the GPSS documentation.

Note: If you have previously used GPSS in your Greenplum 6.x installation, you are required to perform upgrade actions as described in Upgrading the Streaming Server.
The distribution includes the advanced_password_check contrib module; you can use this module to specify password string quality policies for Greenplum Database. Refer to the advanced_password_check module documentation for more information.
The Greenplum Database Query Optimizer exposes a new server configuration parameter to enable index-only scans. These scans answer queries from an index alone without requiring any heap access. This configuration parameter is named optimizer_enable_indexonlyscan, and is enabled by default.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.13.0 resolves these issues:

30994 - Cluster Management: Resolved an issue where gpstartcould fail with an non-descript error when a segment host was unreachable during Greenplum Database initialization. gpstart now continues the startup process even if some cluster hosts are unreachable.
31028 - Cluster Management: When using gpconfig -s client_min_messages to set the client messaging level (for example "notice" or "warning"), the output showed "error" instead of the level configured by the user. This issue has been resolved.
10720 - Planner: Resolved a problem that could cause the Postgres Planner to crash or return incorrect results if a query used a grouping expression (rather than a column name) along with other ungrouped targets that referenced the group key.
10961 - Locking: Improved the locking behavior to avoid deadlocks that can occur when creating multiple indexes on an Append-Only table.
30951 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where a query performed on a serial-type column of a replicated Greenplum table (created DISTRIBUTED REPLICATED) failed to return a consistent value on all segments.
30976 - Server: Execution: In some cases, Greenplum Database returned incorrect results when it ran certain system functions in an EntryDb (a special query executor (QE) that runs on the master instance). This issue is resolved; Greenplum now returns the error " This query is not currently supported by GPDB." when it encounters a function invocation that it does not support.
31011 - Server: Execution: Resolved a problem that could cause a segfault when spilling hash tables to disk. In Greenplum 6 this problem was reported with a materialized view query that produced a HashAggregate plan.
31073 - Segment Mirroring: Resolves an issue where the kernel Recv-Q buffer filled up on a Greenplum mirror segment instance when the mirror sent statistics to the statistics collector, but the collector was not running because the mirror was not in hot standby mode.
31082 - Server: Execution: Resolved an issue where the planner generated an incorrect plan for some queries that included a merge join and dynamic partition elimination. The storage needed for the merge join key was incorrectly allocated on the inner side of the plan tree. This led to a SIGSEGV when executing the sort node of the inner side of the merge join. The problem was resolved by ensuring that only the nodes that need to use the join key are provisioned with the right amount of storage, leaving the rest of the plan tree intact.
31090 - Storage: Segment Mirroring: pg_rewind was updated to reduce the number of lstat operations it performs, in order to improve the performance of incremental recovery with a large number of data files.
173157638 - Cluster Management: When the user specified a valid port range using the gpaddmirrors -p option, gpaddmirrors would generate an error similar to error: Value of port offset supplied via -p option produces ports outside of the valid range. Mirror port base range must be between 6432 and 61000. This issue has been resolved.

Release 6.12

Release 6.12.1

Release Date: 2020-11-20

VMware Greenplum 6.12.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.12.1 resolves these issues:

9207 - Server Standby: Fixed a memory overflow condition that could cause a standby node to shut down with the error, "FATAL","XX000","the limit of 500 distributed transactions has been reached (cdbdtxrecovery.c:571)".
11003 - Postgres Planner: Resolved an issue where a query that selected a constant and that specified one or more empty GROUPING SETS returned incorrect results.
30923 - Server Execution, Planner: Resolved a problem where a query could return incorrect results if segments held a NULL value in an empty set.
30946 - Query Optimizer: A query on a table with a btree index ran longer than expected because the Query Optimizer did not perform partition elimination when the query included an index join with both a local and a join predicate. This issue is resolved; the Query Optimizer improves dynamic and static partition elimination when indexes are present.
30993 - Optimizer: Fixed an issue where certain IN queries performed slowly because full table scans were used instead of indexes.
30999 - Cluster Management: Fixes an issue where moving a mirror segment to an alternate host, using gprecoverseg -F, was failing.
31007 - Cluster Management: Fixes an issue where no error was logged or reported when the incremental recovery of a segment using gprecoverseg failed. The logs now include a message similar to: [WARNING]:-Incremental recovery failed for my-segment-name. You must use gprecoverseg -F to recover the segment.
31014 - analyzedb: Fixed a problem where analyzedb could fail if a table was dropped and recreated during the analyzedb operation.
31018 - gpexpand: The redistribute phase of a cluster expansion returned the error ... failed to expand: error ERROR: ... is not a table when it tried to expand a materialized view. This issue is resolved; Greenplum Databae now supports expanding materialized views.
31026 - Metrics Collector: Resolved an issue where Greenplum Command Center version 6.3.0 and 6.3.1 could not show a visual query plan in the query monitor in certain cases.
31057 - Optimizer: When simplifying constraints during preprocessing, GPORCA did not consider the case where a constraint compared a column to an empty array (for example, EXPLAIN SELECT 1 FROM mytable WHERE mytable.mycolumn=ANY('{}');). These types of queries would cause GPORCA to crash. This problem was resolved by ensuring that GPORCA now skips merging a constraint with an empty array.
174906043 - Metrics Collector: Resolved an issue where the Greenplum Command Center could not show metrics for CREATE TABLE AS SELECT … FROMand COPY (SELECT ... FROM ...) TO ... statements.
175050196 - autovacuum: Resolved a fatal error that could occur when the autovacuum daemon performed a VACUUM operation on the template0 database.
175372920 - Resource Groups: Resolved an issue that could cause queries to fail if an earlier DROP RESOURCE GROUP command failed to drop the resource group.
175471857 - Query Dispatcher: Resolved a problem that could cause a transaction to incorrectly use single-phase commit instead of two-phase commit.
275569338 - Query Dispatcher: Resolved a problem that could cause the error, ERROR: unrecognized node type: 2139062143 (copyfuncs.c:6059), when the query dispatcher needed to refresh a materialized view.

Release 6.12.0

Release Date: 2020-10-30

VMware Greenplum 6.12.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.12.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum now supports using segment hostnames when defining proxy ports with the gp_interconnect_proxy_addresses parameter (previously, IP addresses were required). Note that if a segment instance hostname is bound to a different IP address at runtime, you must execute gpstop -U to re-load the gp_interconnect_proxy_addresses value. See Configuring Proxies for the Greenplum Interconnect.
Because Greenplum Database does not enforce referential integrity syntax (foreign key constraints), the TRUNCATE command was updated so that it truncates a table referenced in a foreign key constraint, even if the CASCADE option is omitted.
The Greenplum Database 6.12.0 distribution includes the Greenplum Magic Tool (gpmt), a diagnostics and data collection tool.
The Greenplum Database 6.12.0 distribution includes the postgres_fdw PostgreSQL contrib module. Refer to the postgres_fdw module documentation for more information.

Resolved Issues

VMware Greenplum 6.12.0 resolves these issues:

174311661 - Query Execution: When executing a long query that contained multi-byte characters, Greenplum could incorrectly truncate the query string (removing multi-byte characters) and, if log_min_duration_statement was set to 0, could subsequent write an invalid symbol to segment logs. This behavior could cause errors in gp_toolkit and Command Center. This problem has been resolved.
173190958 - Transactions: In some cases, a Greenplum Database master reset generated one or more orphaned prepared transactions. This issue is resolved; Greenplum now periodically checks for, and aborts, these transactions.
171249005 - Transactions: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when it exhausted retry attempts to abort prepared transactions.
30992 - Transactions: In some cases, Greenplum Database generated a PANIC after reboot due to a race condition between a checkpoint and xlog COMMIT PREPARE recording. When Greenplum encountered an orphaned prepared transaction that was committed after the xlog was recorded, it returned the error message: cannot abort transaction transaction_number, it was already committed. This issue is resolved.
30970 - Query Optimizer: In some cases, Greenplum Database crashed when the Query Optimizer attempted to generate an index scan from a predicate that contained a subquery. This issue is resolved; the Query Optimizer now disallows such plans.
30962 - Query Optimizer: The second SELECT on an external table within a transaction returned zero records because the Query Optimizer did not generate a unique scan number to differentiate the two queries to the external table. This issue is resolved.
30960 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where the Query Optimizer entered an infinite loop when it merged statistics buckets for double values in UNION and UNION ALL queries due to an incorrect comparison of bucket boundary values with a small Epsilon.
30980 - diskquota Module: Resolved an issue that caused master and mirror segments to display the warning, Share memory is not enough for active tables, when TRUNCATE and CREATE TABLE statements were executed.
30942 - Postgres Planner: In some cases, the Postgres Planner crashed or produced incorrect results when the HAVING clause of a query included a subquery, and one or more columns referenced in the subquery were not also specified in the GROUP BY column set. This issue is resolved.
10813 - Postgres Planner: Resolved an issue that could cause the Query Dispatcher to crash when creating a query plan for a subquery that has GROUPING SETS.
10794 - Resource Groups: Resolves an issue where the result of a query on pg_resgroup_get_status(NULL:oid) could not be saved to a table.
10376 - Query Execution: Resolved an issue where executing CREATE UNIQUE INDEX on a table partition would implicitly change the partition's distribution key.
425 - gpbackup: When inserting into a table that is distributed by a bpchar and using the legacy bpchar hash operator, rows always used jump consistent hashing instead of legacy (modulo) hashing. This mismatch would cause gprestore operations to fail for when restoring Greenplum 4.x/5.x data into Greenplum 6.x. The problem occurred because a required hashing function ID was missing from a check function that determined if an attribute used legacy hashing. Greenplum 6.12 resolves this issue by adding the required hashing function ID in the check function.

Release 6.11

Release 6.11.2

Release Date: 2020-10-2

Pivotal Greenplum 6.11.2 is a maintenance release that includes changes and resolves several issues.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.11.2 includes these changes:

Pivotal GPText version 3.4.5 is included, which includes bug fixes. See the GPText 3.4.5 Release Notes for more information.
Pivotal Greenplum-Spark connector version 2.0.0 is included, which includes feature changes and bug fixes. See the Greenplum-Spark Connector 2.0.0 Release Notes for more information.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.11.2 resolves these issues:

30549 - Management and Monitoring: Greenplum excluded externally-routable loopback addresses from replication entries, which caused utilities such as gpinitstandby and gpaddmirrors to fail. This problem has been resolved.
30795 - GPORCA: Fixed a problem where GPORCA did not utilize an index scan for certain subqueries, which could lead to poor performance for affected queries.
30878 - GPORCA: If a CREATE TABLE .. AS statement was used to create a table with non-legacy (jump consistent) hash algorithm distribution from a source table that used the legacy (modulo) hash algorithm, GPORCA would distribute the data according to the value of gp_use_legacy_hashops; however, it would set the table's distribution policy hash algorithm to the value of the original table. This could cause queries to give incorrect results if the distribution policy did not match the data distribution. This problem has been resolved.
30903 / 30966 - Metrics Collector: Workfile entries were sometimes freed prematurely, which could lead to the postmaster process being reset on segments and failures in query execution, or segment PANIC. This problem has been resolved.
30928 - GPORCA: If gp_use_legacy_hashops was enabled, GPORCA could crash when generating the query plan for certain queries that included an aggregate. This problem has been resolved.
174812955 - Query Execution: When executing a long query that contained multi-byte characters, Greenplum could incorrectly truncate the query string (removing multi-byte characters) and, if log_min_duration_statement was set to 0, could subsequent write an invalid symbol to segment logs. This behavior could cause errors in gp_toolkit and Command Center. This problem has been resolved.

Release 6.11.1

Release Date: 2020-09-17

Pivotal Greenplum 6.11.1 is a maintenance release that includes changes and resolves several issues.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.11.1 includes this change:

Greenplum Platform Extension Framework (PXF) version 5.15.1 is included, which includes changes and bug fixes. Refer to the PXF Release Notes for more information on release content and to access the PXF documentation.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.11.1 resolves these issues:

30751, 173714727 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where a correlated subquery that contained at least one left or right outer join caused the Greenplum Database master to crash when the server configuration parameter optimizer_join_order was set to exhaustive2.
30880 - gpload: Fixed a problem where gpload operations would fail if a table column name included capital letters or special characters.
30901 - GPORCA: For queries that included an outer ref in a subquery, such as select * from foo where foo.a = (select foo.b from bar), GPORCA always used the results of the subquery after unnesting the outer reference. This could cause a crash or incorrect results if the subquery returned no rows, or if the subquery contained a projection with multiple values below the outer reference. To address this problem, all such queries now fall back to using the Postgres planner instead of GPORCA. Note that this behavior occurs for cases where GPORCA would have returned correct results, as well as for cases that could cause crashes or return incorrect results.
30913, 170824967 - gpfdists: A command that accessed an external table using the gpfdists protocol failed if the external table did not use an IP address when specifying a host system in the LOCATION clause of the external table definition. This issue is resolved in Greenplum 6.11.1.
174609237 - gpstart: gpstart was updated so that it does not attempt to start a standby master segment when that segment is unreachable, preventing an associated stack trace during startup.

Release 6.11.0

Release Date: 2020-09-11

Pivotal Greenplum 6.11.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.11.0 includes these new and changed features:

GPORCA partition elimination has been enhanced to support a subset of lossy assignment casts that are order-preserving (increasing) functions, including timestamp::date and float::int. For example, GPORCA supports partition elimination when a partition column is defined with the timestamp datatype and the query contains a predicate such as WHERE ts::date == '2020-05-10' that performs a cast on the partitioned column (ts) to compare column data (a timestamp) to a date.
PXF version 5.15.0 is included, which includes new and changed features and bug fixes. Refer to the PXF Release Notes for more information on release content and supported platforms, and to access the PXF documentation.
Greenplum Command Center 6.3.0 and 4.11.0 are included, which include new workload management and other features, as well as bug fixes. See the Command Center Release Notes for more information.
The query dispatcher now supports the PostgreSQL LISTEN, UNLISTEN, and NOTIFY commands.

The DataDirect ODBC Drivers for Pivotal Greenplum were updated to version 07.16.0389 (B0562, U0408). This version introduces support for the following datatypes:

Greenplum Datatype	ODBC Datatype
citext	SQL_LONGVARCHAR
float	SQL_REAL
tinyint	SQL_SMALLINT
wchar	SQL_CHAR
wvarchar	SQL_VARCHAR

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.11.0 resolves these issues:

30899 - Resource Groups

In some cases when running queries are managed by resource groups, Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when managing runaway queries (queries that use an excessive amount of memory) because of locking issues. This issue is resolved.

30877 - VACUUM

In some cases, running VACUUM returns ERROR: found xmin <xid> from before relfrozenxid <frozen_xid>. The error was caused when a previously run VACUUM FULL was interrupted and aborted on a query executor (QE) and corrupted catalog frozen XID information. This issue is resolved.

30870 - Segment Mirroring

In some cases, performing an incremental recovery of a Greenplum Database segment instance failed with the message requested WAL segment has already been removed because the recovery checkpoint was not created properly. This issue is resolved.

30858 - analyzedb

analyzedb failed if analyzedb attempted to update statistics for a set of tables and one of the tables was dropped and then recreated while analyzedb was running. analyzedb has been enhanced better handle the specified situation.

30845 - Query Execution

Under heavy load when running multiple queries, some queries randomly failed with the error Error on receive from seg<ID>. The error was caused when Greenplum Database encountered a divide by 0 error while managing the backend processes that are used to run queries on the segment instances. This issue is resolved.

30761 - Postgres Planner

In some cases, Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when a DROP VIEW command was cancelled from the Greenplum Command Center. The PANIC was generated when Greenplum Database did not correctly handle the visibility of the relation.

30721 - gpcheckcat

Resolved a problem where gpcheckcat would fail with Missing or extraneous entries check errors if the gp_sparse_vector extension was installed.

30637 - Query Optimizer

For some queries against partitioned tables, GPORCA did not perform partition elimination when a predicate that includes the partition column also performs an explicit cast. For example, GPORCA would not perform partition elimination when a partition column is defined with the timestamp datatype and the query contains a predicate such as WHERE ts::date == '2020-05-10' that performs a cast on the partitioned column ( ts) to compare column data (a timestamp) to a date. GPORCA partition elimination has been improved to support the specified type of query. See Features.

10491 - Postgres Planner

For some queries that contain nested subqueries that do not specify a relation and also contain a nested GROUP BY clauses, Greenplum Database generated a PANIC. The PANIC was generated when Greenplum Database did not correctly manage the subquery correctly. This is an example of the specified type or query.

SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT c1, SUM(c2) c2 FROM mytbl GROUP BY c1 ) t2 ) t3
  GROUP BY c2, ROLLUP((c1))
  ORDER BY 1, 2;

This issue is resolved.

10561 - Server

Greenplum Database does not support altering the datatype of a column defined as a distribution key or with a constraint. When attempting to change the datatype, the error message did not clearly indicate the cause. The error message has been altered to provide more information.

174505130 - Resource Groups

In some cases for a query managed by resource group, the resource group cancelled the query with the message Canceling query because of high VMEM usage because the resource group calculated the incorrect memory used by the query. This issue is resolved.

174353156 - Interconnect

In some cases when Greenplum Database uses proxies for interconnect communication (the server configuration parameter gp_interconnect_type is set to proxy), a Greenplum background worker process became an orphaned process after the postmaster process was terminated. This issue is resolved.

174205590 - Interconnect

When Greenplum Database uses proxies for interconnect communication (the server configuration parameter gp_interconnect_type is set to proxy), a query might have hung if the query contains multiple concurrent subplans running on the segment instances. The query hung when the Greenplum interconnect did not properly handle the communication among the concurrent subplans. This issue is resolved.

174483149 - Cluster Management - gpinitsystem

gpinitsystem now exports the MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY environment variable before calling gpconfig, to avoid throwing warning messages when configuring system parameters on Greenplum Database appliances (DCA).

Release 6.10

Relelase 6.10.1

Release Date: 2020-08-13

Pivotal Greenplum 6.10.1 is a maintenance release that resolves known issues.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.10.1 resolves these issues:

n/a: Code changes and testing for the Greenplum interconnect proxy feature were introduced in version 6.10.0, but the feature was not enabled in the final release build. Version 6.10.1 resolves this problem and enables the feature.
10009 External table DELIMITER OFF BUG: Fixed a problem where additional data could be included after the last column of an external table if the DELIMITER 'OFF' formatting option was used when creating the table.

Release 6.10.0

Release Date: 2020-08-07

Pivotal Greenplum 6.10.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.10.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Database 6.10 introduces the server configuration parameter max_slot_wal_keep_size that sets the maximum size in megabytes of replication WAL log files on disk per segment instance. The default is -1, Greenplum can retain an unlimited amount of WAL files on disk.
Greenplum Database 6.10 introduces the server configuration parameter gp_add_column_inherits_table_setting for append-optimized, column-oriented tables. When adding a column to a table with the ALTER TABLE command, the parameter controls whether the table's data compression parameters for a column (compresstype, compresslevel, and blocksize) can be inherited from WITH clause values when the table was created. The default is off, the table's data compression settings are not considered when adding a column to the table. If the value is on, the table's WITH clause values are considered.
When reading data, the gpload utility now supports the control file parameter FILL_MISSING_FIELDS that can add NULL values to a data row if the row has trailing field values that are missing. To enable this feature, set the parameter to true.
Greenplum Database supports using proxies for Greenplum Database interconnect communication to reduce the use of connections and ports during query processing. The interconnect proxies consumes fewer connections and ports than TCP mode, and has better performance than UDPIFC mode in a high-latency network.

To enable interconnect proxies for the Greenplum system, set these system configuration parameters.
- List the proxy ports with the new parameter gp_interconnect_proxy_addresses. You must specify a proxy port for the master, standby master, and all segment instances.
- Set the parameter gp_interconnect_type to proxy. The proxy value is new in Greenplum Database 6.10.
Note: Code changes and testing for the Greenplum interconnect proxy feature were introduced in version 6.10.0, but the feature was not enabled in the final release build. Use version 6.10.1 to enable the feature.
The PgBouncer connection pooler was updated from version 1.8.1 to version 1.13. To support this change on RHEL/CentOS 6 platforms, the Greenplum Database package now requires libevent2 instead of libevent. RHEL/CentOS 7 requirements are unchanged. See the PgBouncer 1.13.x Release Notes for a summary of changes.
The gpcheckcat catalog verification utility adds a new test, aoseg_table, that you can use to check that the vertical partition information on append-optimized, column storage tables is consistent with pg_attribute.
Greenplum Database 6.10 introduces a new server configuration parameter, gp_fts_replication_attempt_count, that you can use to configure the maximum number of times that the Greenplum fault tolerance service (FTS) attempts to establish a primary-mirror replication connection.
PXF version 5.14.0 is included, which includes new and changed features and bug fixes. Refer to the PXF Release Notes for more information on release content and supported platforms, and to access the PXF documentation.
Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.4.1 is included, which includes changes and bug fixes. Refer to the GPSS Documentation for more information on release content and to access the GPSS documentation.

Note: If you have previously used GPSS in your Greenplum 6.x installation, you are required to perform upgrade actions as described in Upgrading the Streaming Server.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.10.0 resolves these issues:

30554 - ANALYZE, gprestore: In some cases, when performing concurrent ANALYZE operations on large partition tables generated the error Canceling query because of high VMEM usage. This issue occurred during some restore operations with gprestore. This issue is resolved.
30583 - Transaction Management: In some cases, a segment mirror went offline when the replication WAL log files on the mirror system caused disk full issues. Greenplum Database introduces the server configuration parameter max_slot_wal_keep_size to limit the amount of WAL logs stored on disk. See See Features.
30792 - Logging: Resolves a disk space issue encountered when a query that generated a large number of spill files also generated an excessive number of HashJoin: Too many batches computed log messages by decreasing the severity level of the message.
173680224 - gprecoverseg: In some cases, gprecoverseg hangs when performing an incremental recovery while trying to perform a clean shutdown of the segment instance due to a locking issue. This issue is resolved.
30781, 9427 - Postgres Planner: For some queries that perform joins between partitioned tables, Greenplum Database returned ERROR: unrecognized path type 106. This issue is resolved.
10419 - Postgres Planner: In some cases when generating query plans, the Postgres Planner did not handle volatile functions correctly and allowed multiple executions of the function during query execution. This could cause incorrect results. This issue is resolved.
30692 - System Catalog Functions: pg_get_viewdef() returned an incorrect view definition when the view was created with the Greenplum-specific CASE WHEN (arg1) IS NOT DISTINCT FROM (arg2) clause. This issue is resolved.
30558 - Query Optimizer: Resolves an issue where execution time and spill file size increased for a query on a larger width table because Greenplum Database overestimated row cardinality when the query specified multiple predicates that included distribution keys.
30512 - MPP: Dispatch: Resolves an issue where Greenplum Database hung while continuously retrying a primary-mirror replication connection. Greenplum 6.10 introduces a new server configuration parameter, gp_fts_replication_attempt_count, with which you can configure the maximum number of retry attempts.
10141 - ALTER TABLE ... INHERIT: Greenplum Database restricted you from creating both a replicated table that inherits from another table, and a table that inherits from a replicated table, but Greenplum did allow you to use the ALTER TABLE ... INHERIT command to assign inheritance to/from a replicated table after it was created. Update commands on such a table returned the misleading error ModifyTable mixes distributed and entry-only tables. This issue is resolved; Greenplum 6.10 enforces replicated table inheritance restrictions uniformly, including on ALTER TABLE ... INHERIT statements.
10057 - Server: Transactions: Greenplum Database returned the error Too many distributed transactions for snapshot when processing many distributed transactions and the max_prepared_transactions server configuration parameter was set to a low value. This issue is resolved; Greenplum now uses a more robust method to determine the maximum number of distributed transactions.
10030 - Server: Query Execution: Greenplum Database incorrectly used the value of the gp_enable_global_deadlock_detector server configuration parameter on query executors to determine the lock mode. This issue is resolved, the parameter is now master only.
9896 - gpexpand: gpexpand failed on a partitioned Greenplum Database table that included an external table leaf child partition. This issue is resolved; Greenplum Database now skips external table partitions during expansion.
9207 - Server: Transactions: In certain situations, the Greenplum Database standby master host shutdown down and exited abnormally with the FATAL error the limit of *N* distributed transactions has been reached when the global transaction limit was exceeded. This issue is resolved; Greenplum now uses a more robust method to determine the maximum number of distributed transactions.
173219210 - Resource Groups: The Greenplum Database gp_toolkit.gp_resgroup_status_per_host view incorrectly reported CPU usage as the sum of resource group CPU usage on all segments on the same host. This issue is resolved; Greenplum Database now correctly reports the average CPU usage of resource groups on all segments on the host.
171849582 - Tablespace: Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when it did not check for the existence of a tablespace directory before attempting to delete the directory. This issue is resolved.

Release 6.9

Release 6.9.1

Release Date: 2020-07-24

Pivotal Greenplum 6.9.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues.

Note: Greenplum 6.9.1 also includes the Greenplum Database R Client (GreenplumR) version 1.1.0. This version of GreenplumR adds the input.signature argument to db.gpapply() and db.gptapply(), to match function argument names to table column names when the function input argument is not a single data frame. See Greenplum Database R Client.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.9.1 resolves these issues:

n/a: The DataDirect ODBC Drivers were updated to version 7.16.359 to incorporate hot fix changes and certify compatibility with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 clients. See the DataDirect Release Notes for additional information.
10230, 31582 - Server: Execution: Greenplum Database generated a segmentation fault during execution of a hash aggregate query when it incorrectly initialized a tuple memory context for a partitioned table that contained a btree index. This issue is resolved.
30750: The ANALYZE code did not exclude external tables (which cannot be analyzed) if an external table was part of a table partition hierarchy. This would result in the failure ERROR: unsupported table type when performing partitioned table operations that use ANALYZE, such as ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION. The problem was resolved by updating the ANALYZE code to correctly exclude these external tables.

Release 6.9.0

Release Date: 2020-06-26

Pivotal Greenplum 6.9.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.9.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.4.0 is included, which introduces many new and changed features and bug fixes. Refer to the GPSS Documentation for more information on release content and to access the GPSS documentation.

Note: If you have previously used GPSS in your Greenplum 6.x installation, you are required to perform upgrade actions as described in Upgrading the Streaming Server.
PXF version 5.13.0 is included, the first PXF release to also provide a separate download package that enables you to install PXF in a file system location outside of the Greenplum install directory. Refer to the PXF Release Notes for more information on release content and supported platforms, and to access the PXF documentation.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.9.0 resolves these issues:

30630 - Segment Mirroring: In some cases during a failover of a segment instance, Greenplum Database returned the FATAL error requested WAL segment WAL_seg_ID has already been removed. Greenplum Database WAL replication incorrectly removed segment files before they were processed during failover. This issue is resolved.
10216 - ALTER TABLE, ALTER DOMAIN: In some cases, heap table data is lost when performing concurrent ALTER TABLE or ALTER DOMAIN commands where one command alters a table column and the other rewrites or redistributes the table data. For example, performing concurrent ALTER TABLE commands where one command changes a column data type from int to text might cause data loss. This issue might also occur when altering a table column during the data distribution phase of a Greenplum system expansion. Greenplum Database did not correctly capture the current state of the table during command execution. This issue is resolved.
10224 - ALTER TABLE: For a leaf partition of a partitioned table, ALTER TABLE allowed the distribution policy to be changed to REPLICATED. This is resolved. ALTER TABLE no longer allows the change.
30647 - Postgres Planner: Some queries that performed multistage aggregation returned results in the incorrect order. For example, some queries that perform a COUNT in the select list and also contain a GROUP BY clause returned results in the incorrect order. This issue is resolved.
10013 - Postgres Planner: In some cases, Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when it encountered a lateral subquery that included a LIMIT 1 or GROUP BY clause. Greenplum 6.9 resolves this issue by forcing the gathering and materialization of any relation containing a GROUP BY or LIMIT clause.
10315 Postgres Planner: For some queries that perform a FULL JOIN using a subselect that contains a COALESCE function, Greenplum Database returned "ERROR: could not find hash distribution key expressions in target list". This issue is resolved.
8919 - MPP, Query Execution: Greenplum Database did not properly handle concurrent updating operations to a table when one of the operations moved a table distribution key to another segment instance. Now when a table distribution key is moved to another segment instance, a concurrent updating operation returns an error.
173243811 - Resource Groups: When resource groups are enabled and a user attempted to move a running query from one resource group to a resource group configured using the memory_limit=0 with the pg_resgroup_move_query() function, Greenplum Database returned the error ERROR: group <group_ID> doesn't have enough memory on master. This issue is resolved.
172931886 - Transaction System: Greenplum 6.9 resolves an issue where restarting a primary could lead to a segment process hang when there were prepared, but not yet committed or aborted, transactions in progress at the time of shutdown.

Release 6.8

Release 6.8.1

Release Date: 2020-06-11

Pivotal Greenplum 6.8.1 is a maintenance release that contains a changed feature and resolves several issues.

Changed Feature

The Greenplum PostGIS extension package has been updated to postgis-2.5.4+pivotal.2. The release contains these changes:

Adds support for the PostGIS TIGER geocoder extension and the PostGIS address standardizer and address rules files extensions.
Removes PostGIS Raster function limitations.
Uses the CREATE EXTENSION and DROP EXTENSION commands to activate and deactivate support for the PostGIS extension and supported, optional PostGIS extensions.

Note: The postgis_manager.sh script is deprecated and will be removed in a future release of Greenplum PostGIS. To enable or deactivate PostGIS support, use the CREATE EXTENSION or DROP EXTENSION command. See Enabling and Removing PostGIS Support
.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.8.1 resolves these issues:

30664 - Query Optimizer: For a complex CTAS query that has implicit casts in the project list, GPORCA may generate a plan with duplicate eliminating motions, to ensure correctness. However, if a duplicate eliminating motion is performed under the hash operation of a Hash Join, an implicit cast operation creates an additional column that causes memtuple binding issues in the executor. To address this problem, GPORCA now generates a modified plan that prunes the output of any duplicate eliminating motions before sending the output to the hash operation.
30684 - Query Optimizer: GPORCA returned incorrect results for some queries when the query's select list contains a window function and the window function contains a correlated subquery or an outer reference. Now the query falls back to the Postgres planner.
30615 - Query Optimizer: GPORCA query performance degraded when compared with Greenplum 5 for some queries that perform joins using an equality predicate and the equality predicate contains a function, for example coalesce(tbl1.a, '999999') = coalesce(tbl2.a, '999999'). The performance issue was caused by inaccurate cardinality estimates. GPORCA cardinality estimation has been improved for the specified type of query.
172732495, 9953 - query execution: Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when executing a query that executes multiple user-defined functions and more than one of the functions is defined with the EXECUTE ON INITPLAN attribute. This issue is resolved.
172098556 - psql: Resolved a problem where the psql client \dm command did not display materialized views.
172094194, 9837 - gprecoverseg: In some cases when recovering segment instances using the gprecoverseg utility with the -i <recover_config_file> option to specify details about failed segments to recover, the utility changed some segment instance dbid values in the Greenplum system configuration. This issue is resolved.

Release 6.8.0

Release Date: 2020-06-05

Pivotal Greenplum 6.8.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.8.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Streaming Server (GPSS) version 1.3.6 is included, which introduces many new and changed features and bug fixes since the last GPSS version installed in Greenplum 6.x (1.3.1). Refer to the GPSS Documentation for more information on release content and to access the GPSS documentation.

Note: If you have previously used GPSS in your Greenplum 6.x installation, you are required to perform upgrade actions as described in Upgrading the Streaming Server.
The gpinitsystem input configuration file specified with the -I option supports an additional format to specify hosts. The QD_PRIMARY_ARRAY, PRIMARY_ARRAY, and MIRROR_ARRAY host parameters may now be specified using either of the following formats:
```
host~port~data_directory/seg_prefix<segment_id>~dbid~content_id
```
```
hostname~address~port~data_directory/seg_prefix<segment_id>~dbid~content_id
```
The first format, which is the pre-existing format, sets both the hostname and address columns of the gp_segment_configuration catalog table to the value in the host field. The second format sets the hostname and address columns of the gp_segment_configuration catalog table to the values in the respective hostname and address fields.
PXF version 5.12.0 is included, which introduces new and changed features and bug fixes. See PXF Version 5.12.0 below.
PL/Container version 2.1.2 is included, which introduces the following new features:
- Support for R version 3.6.3.
- A new --use_local_copy option to the plcontainer add-image command that you can use to install the specified image only on the local host.
Greenplum Database 6.8 adds support for Moving a Query to a Different Resource Group.
Greenplum Database 6.8 includes a new metrics collector extension that is compatible with Greenplum Command Center 6.2 and above. If you are using Command Center 6.0 or 6.1 you must download and install Command Center 6.2 after you install Greenplum Database 6.8.

PXF Version 5.12.0

PXF includes the following new and changed features:

PXF trims right-padded white space added by Greenplum before it writes Parquet data.
PXF bundles newer hive, jackson-databind, and supporting internal libraries.
A PXF server running on Java 11 can now read from Hive using an external table that specifies a Hive* profile.
PXF introduces the new custom option IGNORE_MISSING_PATH for external tables that you use to read file-based data. Setting this option may be useful when a PXF external table is a child partition of a partitioned Greenplum table. Refer to About PXF External Table Child Partitions for more information.
PXF bundles the jodd-core library to satisfy a missing transitive dependency that is required when PXF reads Parquet files that contain data in timestamp format.
PXF adds column projection support for the Hive and HiveRC profiles by changing the implementation to use column name-based, rather than column index-based, mapping.

Note
If you have existing PXF external tables that specify a Hive* profile, you may be required to perform upgrade actions as described in Upgrading PXF.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.8.0 resolves these issues:

329, 30602 - PXF: PXF did not correctly read a partitioned Hive table when the external table specified a Hive* profile and the external table and Hive table had a differing number of columns. This issue is resolved. PXF now supports column projection for the Hive* profiles and correctly handles this situation.
30611 - Query Optimizer: When falling back to the Postgres planner, GPORCA incorrectly logged messages that were internal messages. This made the log file difficult to read and caused bloat in the file. This issue is resolved. GPORCA message logging has been improved and the internal messages are no longer sent to the log files.
30585 - Locking: Resolved a problem that could corrupt resource queue locks, and potentially other types of locks, in shared memory. This problem could cause errors such as lock lock_name on object object_identifier is already held.
30557 - DDL: When performing a data reorganization with the ALTER TABLE command on a leaf partition of a partitioned table that did not change the distribution policy, Greenplum Database returned the error ERROR: can't set the distribution policy. This type of redistribution is allowed in Greenplum 5. Now Greenplum allows data reorganization on a leaf partition if the distribution policy is not changed.
30289 - Query Optimizer: When GPORCA performed dynamic partition elimination for some queries against partitioned tables that perform joins, GPORCA was not using the correct statistics. This caused a performance degradation when compared with Greenplum 5. GPORCA has improved how statistics are computed tor the specified type of query.
172854840 - Interconnect: In some cases, a query that executes a stable function that contains an SQL statement might hang because the query dispatcher (QD) did not correctly manage the execution of the function and the dispatching of the query plan. This issue is resolved.
172832212 - Interconnect: In some cases, communication between a query dispatcher (QD) and a query executor (QE) on different segments was slow when the Greenplum interconnect type is set to the TCP networking protocol for Greenplum Database interconnect traffic. Now the communication between a QD and a QE is more efficient.
172615233 - Query Optimizer: For text data types, the GPORCA the cardinality estimation algorithm has been improved for equality comparisons. For example, when a query contains an IN clause that contains text elements.
172576000 - COPY: If data format errors occurred while copying data into a partitioned table with a COPY FROM command in single row error isolation mode, Greenplum Database might crash when a query executor (QE) did not handle the data format error correctly. This issue is resolved.
30487 - Utility Commands: On a Greenplum Database 6 system with FIPS enabled, Greenplum utility commands such as gpinitsystem returned the error "ERROR:root:code for hash md5 was not found." This issue is resolved.
30484 - Utility Commands: When initializing a Greenplum Database system with gpinitsystem, the primary segments were erroneously named using DNS resolvable external hostnames instead of the internal interconnect interface hostnames. At the same time, the segment mirrors were correctly named. This issue is now resolved.

Release 6.7

Release 6.7.1

Release Date: 2020-04-30

Pivotal Greenplum 6.7.1 is a maintenance release that resolves several issues. In addition to these resolved issues:

Version 6.7.1 updates PostGIS to version 2.5.4, which removes several previous limitations. See Geospatial Analytics for more information.
The Greenplum R client is no longer considered a Beta feature.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.7.1 resolves these issues:

n/a - MADlib: In Greenplum 6.7.0 the MADlib download files that were originally provided, madlib-1.17.0+2-gp6-rhel7-x86_64.tar.gz and madlib-1.17.0+2-gp6-rhel6-x86_64.tar.gz, contained MADlib version 1.16 instead of version 1.17. This is resolved in Greenplum 6.7.1, and in Greenplum 6.7.0 with the newly-provided files madlib-1.17.0+3-gp6-rhel7-x86_64.tar.gz and madlib-1.17.0+3-gp6-rhel6-x86_64.tar.gz.
9790 - Server: A crash could occur when performing a SELECT query against a column-oriented table, when the table was created using the WITH NO DATA clause. The problem occurred because the WITH clause options were not correctly added to the pg_attribute_encoding table. This problem has been resolved.
30499 - Server: Execution: Fixed a memory leak that occurred when executing CHECKPOINT commands.
30559 - Query Optimizer: Queries that contain an IN clause with a large number of constants took a long time to generate a query plan. Most of the time was spent estimating the cardinality of the IN clause predicate. The cardinality estimation algorithm has been enhanced and significantly reduces the cardinality estimation time for the specified type of query.
30579 - Interconnect: In some cases during query execution, the query hung with the query dispatcher (QD) waiting for the query executor (QE) on a few segment instances to complete. This issue is resolved.
30844 - gpreload: gpreload returned the error more than one row returned when attempting to reload a table and a view with the same name exists in a different schema in the database. This issue is resolved.
172163076 - Server: A subtransaction would incorrectly use 1-phase commit instead of 2-phase commit if \set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK interactive was enabled in a client's .psqlrc file. This problem has been resolved.
172324858, 9891 - MPP: Locking, Signals, Processes: In some cases, Greenplum Database did not manage snapshots correctly when processing concurrent distributed transactions. This caused a concurrent transaction to access a distributed log file that was no longer available and generated the error message Could not open file ""pg_distributedlog/<file-name>"": No such file or directory. This issue is resolved.
172348849 - Postgres Planner: Some queries that contain a UNION ALL that combines the results from SELECT command that uses a replicated table with another SELECT command returns the error ERROR: could not build Motion path. This issue is resolved.
172284550 9823 - ALTER DATABASE: The ALTER DATABASE...FROM CURRENT command did not set a server configuration parameter for a database. This issue is resolved.

Release 6.7.0

Release Date: 2020-04-17

Pivotal Greenplum 6.7.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.7.0 includes these new and changed features:

Greenplum Database 6.7 introduces the new gp_resource_group_queuing_timeout server configuration parameter. When the resource group-based resource management scheme is active, gp_resource_group_queuing_timeout specifies the maximum amount of time a transaction waits for execution in a queue on a resource group before Greenplum Database cancels the transaction. By default, queued transactions in a resource group can wait indefinitely.
Greenplum Database 6.7 includes MADlib version 1.17, which introduces new Deep Learning features, k-Means clustering, and other improvements and bug fixes. See the Apache MADlib page for additional information and Release Notes.

Note: In Greenplum 6.7.0 the MADlib download files that were originally provided, madlib-1.17.0+2-gp6-rhel7-x86_64.tar.gz and madlib-1.17.0+2-gp6-rhel6-x86_64.tar.gz, contained MADlib version 1.16 instead of version 1.17. This is resolved in Greenplum 6.7.1, and in Greenplum 6.7.0 with the newly-provided files madlib-1.17.0+3-gp6-rhel7-x86_64.tar.gz and madlib-1.17.0+3-gp6-rhel6-x86_64.tar.gz.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.7.0 resolves these issues:

8539 - Server: Using NOWAIT in a SELECT FOR UPDATE statement could result in the error, ERROR: relation "<name>" does not exist, because locking was not correctly handled for the NOWAIT clause. This problem has been resolved. Note, however, that NOWAIT only affects how the SELECT statement obtains row-level locks. A SELECT FOR UPDATE NOWAIT statement will always wait for the required table-level lock; it behaves as if NOWAIT was omitted.
9089 - Server: Fixed a problem where Greenplum Database failed to truncate an append-only, column-oriented table if the CREATE TABLE and TRUNCATE statements were executed in the same transaction.
30305 - Resource Groups: A transaction may be queued for execution on a resource group for an extended period of time, particularly when the resource group reached its concurrent transaction limit. This could prevent queries initiated by Greenplum Database superusers from executing. Greenplum Database 6.7 resolves this issue by introducing the gp_resource_group_queuing_timeout server configuration parameter, which specifies the maximum amount of time a queued transaction waits for execution in a resource group before Greenplum cancels the transaction.
30531 - Query Optimizer: An out of memory error occurred when running some queries that contain joins that perform a comparison operation on citext data. The error occurred because the query falls back to the Postgres Planner. This issue is resolved. Now the query does not fall back to the Postgres planner, the query is executed using GPORCA.
30536 - PL/pgSQL: In a PL/pgSQL procedure, output text from a RAISE NOTICE statement was not displayed correctly if the text contained a newline (line feed) character. Only the text before the newline character was displayed. This issue is resolved.

Release 6.6

Release 6.6.0

Release Date: 2020-04-06

Pivotal Greenplum 6.6.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.6.0 includes these new and changed features:

For the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE command, the LOG ERRORS clause now supports the PERSISTENTLY keyword. The LOG ERRORS clause logs information about external table data rows with formatting errors. The error log data is stored internally. When you specify LOG ERRORS PERSISTENTLY, the log data persists after the external table is dropped.

If you use the PERSISTENTLY keyword, you must install the functions that manage the persistent error log information.

For information about the error log information and built-in functions for viewing and managing error log information, see CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE.
PXF version 5.11.2 is included, which introduces these changes:
- PXF no longer validates the JDBC BATCH_SIZE write option during a read operation.
- PXF bundles a newer jackson-databind library.
- PXF removes references to the unused pxf-public.classpath file. This in turn removes spurious WARNING: Failed to read classpath file ... log messages.
- PXF now bundles Tomcat version 7.0.100.
Greenplum Database 6.6 includes MADlib version 1.17, which introduces new Deep Learning features, k-Means clustering, and other improvements and bug fixes. See the MADlib 1.17 Release Notes for a complete list of changes.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.6.0 resolves these issues:

30483 - Query Optimizer: A query that specified multiple constants in an IN clause generated a large number of spill files and returned the error workfile per query size limit exceeded when GPORCA incorrectly normalized a histogram that was not well-defined. This issue is resolved.
30488 - DLL: For some append-optimized partitioned tables, performance was poor when adding a column to the table with the ALTER TABLE... ADD COLUMN command because the command performed a full table rewrite. Now only data corresponding to the new column is rewritten.
30518 - Query Optimizer: A query that specified an aggregate function such as min() or count() that was invoked on a citext-type column failed with the error cache lookup failed for function 0 because GPORCA incorrectly generated a multi-stage aggregate for the query. This issue is resolved.
30525 - Logging: In some cases, Greenplum Database encountered a segmentation fault and rotated the log file early when the logging level was set to WARNING or less severe and Greenplum attempted to write to the alert log file after it failed to open the file. This issue is resolved.
171506474 - COPY: When COPY FROM SEGMENT command copied data into an append-only table, the command did not update the append-only table metadata tupcount (the number of tuples on a segment, including invisible tuples) and modcount (the number of data modification operations performed). This issue is resolved.
n/a - gpperfmon: The Ubuntu build of Greenplum Database 6.5.0 did not include the gpperfmon database, which is required for using Greenplum Command Center. This issue is resolved in version 6.6.0.

Release 6.5

Release 6.5.0

Release Date: 2020-03-20

Pivotal Greenplum 6.5.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Warning: The Ubuntu build of Greenplum Database 6.5.0 does not include the gpperfmon database, which is required for using Greenplum Command Center. Customers deploying to Ubuntu should not install or upgrade to Greenplum Database 6.5 until a maintenance release is provided to resolve this issue.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.5.0 includes these new and changed features:

When creating a user-defined function, you can specify the attribute EXECUTE ON INITPLAN to indicate that the function contains an SQL command that dispatches queries to the segment instances and requires special processing on the master instance by Greenplum Database. When possible, Greenplum Database handles the function on the master instance in the following manner:
1. First, Greenplum Database executes the function as part of an InitPlan node on the master instance and holds the function output temporarily.
2. Then, in the MainPlan of the query plan, the function is called in an EntryDB (a special query executor (QE) that runs on the master instance) and Greenplum Database returns the data that was captured when the function was executed as part of the InitPlan node. The function is not executed in the MainPlan. For more information about the attribute and limitations when using the attribute, see CREATE FUNCTION.
GPORCA introduces a new costing model for bitmap indexes. The new model is designed to choose faster, bitmap nested loop joins instead of hash joins. The new costing model is implemented as a Beta feature, and it is used as a default only if you enable it by setting the configuration parameter:
```
set optimizer_cost_model = experimental
```
The optimizer_cost_model parameter is required only during the Beta test period for this cost model. After further testing and validation, the new cost model will be enabled by default.
Greenplum Database includes the server configuration parameter plan_cache_mode that controls whether a prepared statement (either explicitly prepared or implicitly generated, for example by PL/pgSQL) can be executed using a custom plan or a generic plan plan.

Custom plans are created for each execution using its specific set of parameter values, while generic plans do not rely on the parameter values and can be re-used across executions. By default, choice between these options is made automatically, but it can be overridden by setting this parameter. If the prepared statement has no parameters, a generic plan is always used. The allowed values are auto (the default), force_custom_plan and force_generic_plan. This setting is considered when a cached plan is to be executed, not when it is prepared.
PXF version 5.11.1 is included, which introduces new and changed features and bug fixes. See PXF Version 5.11.1 below.
The s3 external table protocol automatically recognizes and uncompresses as deflate format any file that it reads that has a .deflate extension.
Greenplum Database introduces the Greenplum R Client Beta, an interactive in-database data analytics tool. Refer to the Greenplum Database R Client (Beta) documentation for installation and usage information for this tool.

The Greenplum R Client (GreenplumR) is currently a Beta feature, and is not supported for production environments.
gpload adds the --max_retries option to specify the number of times the utility attempts to connect to Greenplum Database after a connection timeout. The default value, 0, does not attempt a connection after a timeout.
Greenplum Database introduces PL/Container version 3.0 Beta, which:
- Provides support for the new GreenplumR interface.
- Reduces the number of processes created by PL/Container, in order to save system resources.
- Supports more containers running concurrently.
- Includes improved log messages to help diagnose problems. PL/Container 3 is currently a Beta feature, and is not supported for production environments. It provides only an R Docker image for executing functions; Python images are not yet available. See PL/Container Language for installation changes related to PL/Container 3.

PXF Version 5.11.1

PXF includes the following new and changed features:

PXF provides a restart command to stop, and then restart, all PXF server instances in the cluster. See Restarting PXF.
The pxf [cluster] sync command now recognizes a [-d | --delete] option. When specified, PXF deletes files on the remote host(s) that are not present in the PXF user configuration on the Greenplum Database master host. Refer to pxf and pxf cluster.
PXF supports filter predicate pushdown for Parquet data that you access with the Hadoop and Object Store Connectors. Parquet Data Type Mapping describes filter pushdown support for Parquet data types in PXF.
PXF includes improvements to error handling and error surfacing.
PXF bundles newer guava and Google Cloud Storage hadoop2 libraries.
The PXF pxf-log4j.properties template file updates a log filter and changes the level from INFO to WARN.
PXF removes unused and default Tomcat applications and files, hardening its default Tomcat security.
PXF no longer requires a $JAVA_HOME setting in gpadmin's .bashrc file on the master, standby master, and segment hosts. You can now specify JAVA_HOME before or during PXF initialization. Refer to the Initialization Overview in the PXF initialization documentation.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.5.0 resolves these issues:

307 - PXF

PXF did not correctly handle an external table that was created with the ESCAPE 'OFF' or DELIMITER 'OFF' formatting options. This issue is resolved. PXF now correctly neither escapes nor adds delimiters when reading external data with an external table created with these options.

30155 - gpstart

On systems that use a custom tablespace or filespace, gpstart could fail to start a cluster if the standby master host was down (for example, if the standby was taken offline for maintenance), showing the error:

Error occured while stopping the standby master: ExecutionError: 'non-zero rc: 255' occured.

This problem occurred because gpstart was attempting to check and sync the filespace or tablespace on the unavailable standby master host. gpstart was modified to skip filespace and tablespace checks when the standby server is not available.

30255 - Query Optimizer

The GPORCA cost model for bitmap indexes could would sometimes cost bitmap nested loop joins higher than hash joins, resulting in poor query performance. Greenplum Database 6.5 introduces a revised cost model for bitmap indexes to address this issue. See See Features.

30287 - Server: Execution

When GPORCA was enabled, queries against an append-only, column-oriented table could cause a PANIC due to shared memory corruption. The code was modified to guard against out-of-bound writes that caused the memory corruption.

30367 - Query Optimizer

For GPORCA, query performance was poor for some queries against tables with columns that are defined with the citext datatype. The poor performance was because GPORCA did not gather statistics and calculate cardinalities for those columns. Now GPORCA gathers statistics and calculates cardinalities for columns defined with the citext datatype.

30369 - Query Execution

Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when executing a query that contains a JOIN LATERAL and the LATERAL subquery contains a LIMIT clause. Now the specified type of query completes.

30379 - ANALYZE

In some cases, performing an ANALYZE operation on a table with a column that is defined with the citext datatype returns the error permission denied for schema <name>. The error was generated when the user performing the operation did not have USAGE privilege in the schema where the citext datatype was defined with the CREATE EXTENSION citext command. Greenplum Database has been modified to not require USAGE privilege in the citext datatype schema for ANALYZE operations.

30382 - VACUUM,TRUNCATE

In some cases, performing a VACUUM FULL operation on the pg_class catalog table and concurrently performing a TRUNCATE operation on a user created heap table returned the error updated tuple is already HEAP_MOVED_OFF and caused the database to become unavailable. The TRUNCATE command did not properly manage the heap table entry in pg_class during the TRUNCATE operation. This issue is resolved.

30390 - gprecoverseg

In some cases, performance was poor when performing an incremental recovery with the gprecoverseg utility on a system with a large number of segment instances. Performance is improved, now the utility performs some recovery operations in parallel.

30405 - gpcheckcat

The gpcheckcat utility failed when the dbid of Greenplum Database master was not 1. Now the master dbid is not required to be 1.

30426 - Query Execution

Some queries that use the window function cume_dist() return the error Backward scanning of tuplestores are not supported if the query generates spill files. This issue is resolved and backward scanning of tuplestore spill files is allowed during query execution.

30437 - Query Optimizer

Queries using dynamic partition elimination (DPE) with range predicates were running slow. This issue has been fixed by allowing only equality comparisons with DPE.

30438 - Catalog and Metadata

If the server configuration parameter gp_use_legacy_hashops was set to on, Greenplum Database incorrectly used the non-legacy opclasses when redistributing a table with an ALTER TABLE...(REORGANIZE = TRUE) command if the command contained DISTRIBUTED BY clause the did not specify an opclass. This caused SELECT commands against a table with redistributed data to return incorrect results.

30441 - analyzedb

The analyzedb utility could fail with an error similar to ERROR: relation "pg_aoseg.pg_aocsseg_xxxxxx" does not exist if a table was dropped during the analyzedb operation. This problem was resolved by ensuring that analyzedb skips any dropped tables when determining the list of tables to analyze.

30450 - PXF

PXF initialization and reset failed when the default system Java version differed from that specified in PXF's $JAVA_HOME. This issue is resolved; PXF has added flexibility to the specification of the $JAVA_HOME setting.

30452 - Dispatch

If the server configuration parameter check_function_bodies was set in a session on the master, the parameter setting did not persist when a related segment instance session was reset. This caused some functions to fail. Now the parameter setting persists when a segment instance session is reset.

30464 - Query Optimizer

GPORCA incorrectly determined that the plan for a query with a filter on a window function over the distribution key column was direct dispatchable. Now direct dispatch requires the filter to be on a table scan.

30471, 8987 - Postgres Planner

When the Postgres Planner executed some queries that contain a subquery that contain both a distinct qualified aggregate expression and a GROUP BY clause, the Postgres Planner returned the error could not find pathkey item to sort. The error was returned when the Postgres Planner supply did not properly manage information used for sorting.

30474 - Query Execution

In some specific situations, some specific types of queries generated a Greenplum Database PANIC. The PANIC occurred when Greenplum Database did not properly handle skew optimization for multi-batch hash joins. Criteria for a query that caused the PANIC include the query contains a join, the join key has segment-local statistics (such as a catalog table), and the join key is one of the most common values, and the query plan is multi-batch hash join and the hash join is rescannable.

30477 - Query Analyze

While gathering statistics for a partitioned table, the pg_class columns relpages and reltuples were not populated for the root partition, only for leaf partitions. This issue has been fixed by changing the method to calculate if a partition table is empty or not.

30485 - gpinitsystem

When initializing a Greenplum Database system, the gpinitsystem utility failed to set the password for a user name when the name is numeric.

30493 - analyzedb

When used with the --config-file option, analyzedb did not enumerate the leaf partitions of a partitioned table and processed the root partition as a non-partitioned table. For heap tables this produced an error. For append-optimized tables, no error was raised, but DML changes to leaf partitions were not tracked properly. This issue has been resolved. Using the --config-file option correctly analyzes partitioned tables.

168199193 - COPY

In some cases, performance of the COPY command in Greenplum Database 6 was poor when compared to Greenplum Database 5. The performance of the COPY command is improved.

168828451, 8677 - Planner

Some queries returned incorrect results when the queries contain subqueries that perform a join and also contain one or more equality predicates, and optionally contain an IS NULL predicate. Incorrect results were returned when either a merge join or a nested loop join did not correctly process the predicates. This issue is resolved.

169030090 - Server

Superusers were limited to 3 connections by default, causing "too many clients" errors when users run maintenance scripts. The maximum number of superuser connections is set with the superuser_default_connections server configuration parameter. This issue is resolved. The default value for this parameter has changed from 3 to 10.

170745356, 9407 - Query Execution

With gp_enable_global_deadlock_detector set to on, concurrent updates to the same table could produce an incorrect query result. This issue is resolved. Segments report waited-for transaction IDs to the master so that the master has the same transaction order as the segments.

170861600 - Server

Using ALTER TABLE tablename SPLIT PARTITION could cause rows to be assigned to the wrong partition, or could cause a crash, if one or more columns before the partition key were dropped. This issue is resolved.

171481916 - gpinitstandby

In some cases, utilities that checked for host IP address such as gpinitstandby failed. A Python utility ( ifaddrs) that is used those Greenplum Database utilities caused the failure. ifaddrs has been updated.

171596248 9679 Query Execution

A Greenplum Database segment instance might generate a PANIC when a query that joins tables with a compound data type generates a query plan that performs a data motion and contains Nested Loop joins. The PANIC occurs due to an error in the prefetch logic for the motion. The prefetch logic issue has been corrected.

Release 6.4

Release 6.4.0

Release Date: 2020-02-11

Pivotal Greenplum 6.4.0 is a minor release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.4.0 includes these changed features:

DISCARD ALL is not supported. The command returns a message that states that the command is not supported and to consider alternatives such as DEALLOCATE ALL or DISCARD TEMP. See DISCARD.
Greenplum Database resource groups support automatic query termination when resource group global shared memory is enabled. For resource groups that use global shared memory, Greenplum Database gracefully cancels running queries that are managed by those resource groups when the queries consume a large portion of the global shared memory. At this point, the queries would have already consumed available resource group slot memory and group shared memory. Greenplum Database cancels queries in order of memory used, from highest to lowest until the percentage of utilized global shared memory is below the percentage specified by the server configuration parameter runaway_detector_activation_percent.

Global shared memory is enabled for resource groups that are configured to use the vmtracker memory auditor, such as admin_group and default_group when the sum of the MEMORY_LIMIT attribute values configured for all resource groups is less than 100. If resource groups are not configured to use global shared memory pool, the resource group automatic query termination feature is not enabled.

For information about resource groups, see Using Resource Groups.
Greenplum Database supports creating the standby master or mirror segment instances on hosts that are in a different subnet from the master and primary segment instance hosts. Mirror segment instances can also be moved to hosts that are in a different subnet.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.4.0 resolves these issues:

30209, 170762049 - gpaddmirrors: The gpaddmirrors utility failed to add mirror segments to a Greenplum Database system, when the mirror segments are in a different subnet from the primary segments. This issue is resolved. Now Greenplum Database supports mirror segments in a different subnet from the primary segments.
30266 - Vacuum: The vacuum workflow changed in Greenplum Database 6 to dispatch once per auxiliary table in addition to the dispatch for the main table. This could cause performance problems and permission verification failures on auxiliary tables. This is fixed. The VACUUM command again dispatches once per segment.
30282 - Resource Management: For some queries managed by Greenplum Database resource groups, the query failed due to an out of memory condition. This caused a segment failure and other issues. This issue is resolved. Resource groups have been enhanced to handle queries that consume a large amount of memory. See Features.
30299 - Server: Execution: For some queries against a partitioned table with multiple column indexes that perform a dynamic index scan, Greenplum Database generated a SIGSEGV. The error occurred when Greenplum Database did not correctly manage dynamic index scan pointer memory. This issue is resolved.
30325 - Query Optimizer: For some queries that reference a view that is defined with a CTE (common table expression) query, and the main query also contains a predicate that is a subquery that references the view, GPORCA returns an error that states could not open temporary file. The error was caused by incorrect predicate pushdown during preprocessing. This issue is resolved.
30359 - Server: Segment Mirroring: A panic occurred during crash recovery for a mirror when replaying WAL records for a transaction that created an append-optimized table, truncated the table, and then aborted the transaction. This issue is resolved.
30354 - DISCARD: DISCARD TEMP might not drop temporary tables on segment instances. This issue is resolved.
30360 - Server: Security: Greenplum Database incorrectly logged the message time constraints added on superuser role every time a superuser role was checked. Now the message is logged only when time constraints are added to a superuser role.
30366 - Server: Execution: Using GRANT commands on partitioned tables across segments would cause the system to PANIC due to alterations in the cached plan. This issue has been resolved.
30371 - Server: Execution: The to_timestamp() function did not return an error for an out of range value. For example, select to_timestamp('20200340123456','YYYYMMDDHH24MISS'); returned a valid date and time 2020-04-09 12:34:56-07. This issue is resolved. Now the function returns an error.
30387 - Server: DML: After completing the execution of a user-defined function that changed the value of a server configuration parameter, Greenplum Database restored the original parameter value on the query dispatcher, but did not synchronize and restore the value to the query executors. This issue is resolved.
170787232 - Server: Query Dispatcher: A Query Dispatcher (QD) would run into local deadlock for some prepared statements that execute an UPDATE or DELETE command. This issue has been fixed by taking into consideration the server configuration parameter gp_enable_global_deadlock_detector.

Release 6.3

Release 6.3.0

Release Date: 2020-1-12

Pivotal Greenplum 6.3.0 is a minor release that includes new features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.3.0 includes these new features:

The sever configuration parameter wait_for_replication_threshold is introduced to improve performance for Greenplum Database systems with segment mirroring enabled. The parameter specifies the maximum amount of Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)-based records (in KB) written by a transaction on the primary segment instance before the records are written to the mirror segment instance for replication. As the default, Greenplum Database writes the records to the mirror segment instance when a checkpoint occurs or the wait_for_replication_threshold value is reached. See wait_for_replication_threshold.
The PL/Container version has been updated to 2.1.0. This version supports Docker images with Python 3 installed. These new PL/Container features enable support for Python 3:
- A Docker image that is installed with Python 3 - plcontainer-python3-images-2.1.0.tar.gz
  
  The Docker image can be downloaded from Pivotal Network.
- The new value python3 for the --language option of plcontainer runtime-add command.
  
  You specify this value when you add a Docker image that has Python 3 installed on to the Greenplum Database hosts with the plcontainer runtime-add command.
- The GluonTS module has been added to Python Data Science Module package. The Python Data Science modules are installed with Python 3 in the Docker image on Pivotal Network.
Note: PL/Container 2.0.x and earlier do not support Python 3.

For information about PL/Container, see PL/Container Language.
PXF version 5.10.1 is included, which introduces bug fixes.
The metrics collector extension included with Greenplum Database 6.3.0 adds a new gpcc.enable_query_profiling server configuration parameter that can be enabled to help with performance troubleshooting. When off, the default, the metrics collector does not collect queries executed by the gpmon user in the gpperfmon database or plan node history for queries that run in less than ten seconds. If you enable gpcc.enable_query_profiling in a session the metrics collector collects those queries in that session. See Metrics Collector Server Configuration Parameters in the Greenplum Command Center documentation for more information.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.3.0 is a minor release that resolves these issues:

30214 - Query Optimizer: The GPORCA algebrizer might generate a PANIC when optimizing a query involving a window function where one or more of the columns selected was a subquery. This issue is resolved.
30252 - Storage: Filespace / Tablespace: Data distribution errors could lead to data corruption if UPDATE or DELETE statements resulted in data movement between segments (for example, if the UPDATE of an affected tuple was distributed to another segment). The code was modified to check for distribution problems during UPDATE and DELETE operations, and to error out and cancel the operation in order to prevent data corruption. Problems detected in this manner are reported with the error: distribution key of the tuple doesn't belong to current segment (actually from segment_id)
30264 - Segment Mirroring: In some cases when Greenplum Database segment mirroring is enabled, loading a large amount of data caused mirror segment instances to fail due to a timeout issue. This issue has been resolved.
30300 - gpbackup/gprestore: When a view was restored from a backup and the view definition contained the function gp_dist_random(), the definition of the restored view did not contain the function. Greenplum Database has been updated to resolve this issue. Now the restored view contains the correct definition.
30301 - analyzedb: The analyzedb command could take a long time to complete when Greenplum Database incorrectly determined that the statistics for a child partition were not up to date and subsequently resampled the statistics for all partitions. This issue is resolved.
30320 - COPY: In some cases, Greenplum Database returned a segment reject limit reached error when a COPY operation specified a SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT and Greenplum encountered a data formatting error. Because Greenplum rescanned the offending line, it returned the error even before the error limit had been reached. This issue is resolved.
30321 - Query Optimizer: When computing the join order for certain queries, ORCA tries to create a set of all the tables that have a predicate in common with the current join tree, and then pick one of the tables from this set. In certain cases involving left joins, ORCA would error out if it was unable to pick a table to join from this set. This has now been fixed and ORCA no longer falls back for such queries.
30334 - Storage: DDL: A system panic could occur if ALTER TABLE was used to add a new partition, and WITH (OIDS=FALSE) was specified as the only storage parameter for the new partition. The problem was caused by code that failed to handle the possibility of a null reloption value, which is generated when the single default storage parameter is specified. The partitioning code was modified to correctly handle the possibility of such null values.
30348 - gpload: Attempting to run gpload installed with Greenplum Clients 6.2.1 returned this error: No module named gppylib.gpversion. This issue has been resolved.
169749131 - Segment Mirroring: When Greenplum Database segment mirroring is enabled, loading a large amount of data into append-optimized tables caused database performance issues and might have caused mirror instance failures with a walsender replication timeout error. The issues occurred because Greenplum Database was not efficiently writing transaction log records from primary to mirror segment instances. This issue has been resolved. Writing transaction log records from primary to mirror segment instances has been improved.
170021921 - Workload Manager: Transaction performance issues occurred when the gp_wlm extension was loaded and the Greenplum Command Center workload management feature was not enabled. This is fixed in the gp_wlm extension included with Greenplum Database 6.3.0.
170346082 - PXF: The PXF JDBC Connector did not support dynamic session authorization in a remote SQL database. This issue is resolved; PXF now supports session authorization, and introduces the ${pxf.session.user} value and the jdbc.pool.qualifier property as described in About Session Authorization in the JDBC Connector configuration documentation.
170476535 - PXF: PXF incorrectly wrote a Parquet decimal value that was specified with precision and scale settings, and was unable to read the decimal value back. This issue is resolved.

Release 6.2

Release 6.2.1

Release Date: 2019-12-12

Pivotal Greenplum 6.2.1 is a minor release that includes new features and resolves several issues.

New Features

Greenplum Database 6.2.1 includes these new features:

Greenplum Database supports materialized views. Materialized views are similar to views. A materialized view enables you to save a frequently used or complex query, then access the query results in a SELECT statement as if they were a table. Materialized views persist the query results in a table-like form. Materialized view data cannot be directly updated. To refresh the materialized view data, use the REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command. See Creating and Managing Materialized Views.

Note: Known Issues and Limitations describes a limitation of materialized view support in Greenplum 6.2.1.
The gpinitsystem utility supports the --ignore-warnings option. The option controls the value returned by gpinitsystem when warnings or an error occurs. If you specify this option, gpinitsystem returns 0 if warnings occurred during system initialization, and returns a non-zero value if a fatal error occurs. If this option is not specified, gpinitsystem returns 1 if initialization completes with warnings, and returns value of 2 or greater if a fatal error occurs.
PXF version 5.10.0 is included, which introduces several new and changed features and bug fixes. See PXF Version 5.10.0 below.

PXF Version 5.10.0

PXF 5.10.0 includes the following new and changed features:

PXF has improved its performance when reading a large number of files from HDFS or an object store.
PXF bundles newer tomcat and jackson libraries.
The PXF JDBC Connector now supports pushdown of OR and NOT logical filter operators when specified in a JDBC named query or in an external table query filter condition.
PXF supports writing Avro-format data to Hadoop and object stores. Refer to Reading and Writing HDFS Avro Data for more information about this feature.
PXF is now certified with Hadoop 2.x and 3.1.x and Hive Server 2.x and 3.1, and bundles new and upgraded Hadoop libraries to support these versions.
PXF supports Kerberos authentication to Hive Server 2.x and 3.1.x.
PXF supports per-server user impersonation configuration.
PXF supports concurrent access to multiple Kerberized Hadoop clusters. In previous releases of Greenplum Database, PXF supported accessing a single Hadoop cluster secured with Kerberos, and this Hadoop cluster must have been configured as the default PXF server.
PXF introduces a new template file, pxf-site.xml, to specify the Kerberos and impersonation property settings for a Hadoop or JDBC server configuration. Refer to About Kerberos and User Impersonation Configuration (pxf-site.xml) for more information about this file.
PXF now supports connecting to Hadoop with a configurable Hadoop user identity. PXF previously supported only proxy access to Hadoop via the gpadmin Greenplum user.
PXF version 5.10.0 deprecates the following configuration properties.

Note: These property settings continue to work.
- The PXF_USER_IMPERSONATION, PXF_PRINCIPAL, and PXF_KEYTAB settings in the pxf-env.sh file. You can use the pxf-site.xml file to configure Kerberos and impersonation settings for your new Hadoop server configurations.
- The pxf.impersonation.jdbc property setting in the jdbc-site.xml file. You can use the pxf.service.user.impersonation property to configure user impersonation for a new JDBC server configuration.

Note: If you have previously configured a PXF JDBC server to access Kerberos-secured Hive, you must upgrade the server definition. See Upgrading PXF in Greenplum 6.x for more information.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.2.1 includes these changed features:

Greenplum Stream Server version 1.3.1 is included in the Greenplum distribution.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.2.1 is a minor release that resolves these issues:

29454 - gpstart

During Greenplum Database start up, the gpstart utility did not report when a segment instance failed to start. The utility always displayed 0 skipped segment starts. This issue has been resolved. gpstart output was also enhanced to provide additional warnings and summary information about the number of skipped segments. For example:

[WARNING]:-****************************************************************************
[WARNING]:-There are 1 segment(s) marked down in the database
[WARNING]:-To recover from this current state, review usage of the gprecoverseg
[WARNING]:-management utility which will recover failed segment instance databases.
[WARNING]:-****************************************************************************

30248, 9022 - DLL

Greenplum Database might generate a PANIC when an index is created on a column of an append-optimized, column-oriented table if the index definition contains a WHERE clause that references multiple columns. This issue has been resolved.

7545 - Postgres Planner

The Postgres Planner might return incorrect results for queries that contain a subquery in an EXISTS clause if the subquery includes a LIMIT [ 0| ALL| NULL] clause or an OFFSET NULL clause. This issue has been resolved.

8590 - Postgres Planner

A query that used the Postgres planner could return incorrect results if it specified a volatile function in a LIMIT clause (for example, LIMIT (random() * 10)). This occurred because Greenplum evaluated the LIMIT clause separately on each segment instance to obtain a preliminary limit, before evaluating it once again as the query was dispatched. The problem was fixed by ensuring that a volatile functions in a LIMIT clause functions are not pushed to segment instances for evaluation.

30083 - Postgres Planner

Fixed a problem in the Postgres planner that could result in the error variable not found in subplan target list. The issue applied to join queries where a table column had a user prescribed CAST applied to it while being both in the select list and in a join condition. At the same time, the column was also part of a motion operator in the query plan.

30200 - Metrics Collector

Greenplum Database 6 stores tablespaces with non-default names as symlinks in the $MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY/pg_tblspc directory and the metrics collector did not detect these tablespaces. The metrics collector now follows the symlinks to find the names of the tablespace directories and the data directories located in those tablespaces. After enabling the new metrics collector the tablespaces may not be visible in Greenplum Command Center for up to four hours.

30203 - Query Optimizer

When updating a table's distribution column, Greenplum Database returned an error that states an UPDATE statement cannot update distribution columns if a btree index is defined on the distribution column and the UPDATE command contains an IN clause. The error was returned when Greenplum Database fell back to the Postgres planner to attempt the UPDATE operation. This issue has been resolved. Now GPORCA supports the specified type of updates.

30206 - gpinitsystem

An example in the gpinitsystem help output used an invalid option for specifying the placement of mirror segment instances in a spread configuration. The correct option is --mirror_mode=spread. This issue has been resolved.

30227 - Server

Greenplum Database with resource groups enabled might generate a PANIC when using an extension with improper debug_query_string settings. The cause was a message context issue and it has been resolved.

30256 - analyzedb

When executing some queries against partitioned tables, GPROCA would fail because of missing root partition statistics. This was caused by the analyzedb utility not updating the root partition statistics when generating the partitioned table statistics. This issue has now been resolved.

30292 - External Table

When Greenplum Database attempted to access data from an external table, a PANIC was generated when Greenplum Database could not resolve the host name that is specified in the external table definition. This issue has been resolved. Now Greenplum Database returns an error in the specified situation.

168881383 - PXF

PXF fixed a regression in file and directory name pattern matching that affected the *:text:multi profiles and S3 Select. This issue has been resolved. PXF now correctly handles wildcards specified in the LOCATION data path.

8918 - Postgres Planner

The Postgres Planner generated an incorrect result on a JOIN query when different data types were used in a table column or the query constraints included a constant, and the query required motion. This issue is resolved.

169694492 - Query Optimizer

For a table that has a column that is defined with a btree index, GPORCA fell back to the Postgres planner for queries that use IN clause against the column or an OR of simple comparisons on the column such as col = 5 OR col = 7. Now GPORCA attempts to generate a query plan that uses the index.

169806983 - Greenplum Stream Server

In some cases, reading from Kafka using the default MINIMAL_INTERVAL (0 seconds) caused GPSS to consume a large amount of CPU resources, even when no new messages existed in the Kafka topic. This issue is resolved in GPSS 1.3.1.

169807372, 169831558 - Greenplum Stream Server

GPSS 1.3.0 did not recognize internal history tables that were created with GPSS 1.2.6 and earlier. In some cases, this caused GPSS to load duplicate messages into Greenplum Database. This issue is resolved in GPSS 1.3.1.

170041280 - PXF

PXF was unable to read data from an encrypted HDFS zone and returned an org.apache.hadoop.crypto.CryptoInputStream cannot be cast to org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSInputStream error in this situation. This issue is resolved.

Release 6.1

Release 6.1.0

Release Date: 2019-11-1

Pivotal Greenplum 6.1.0 is a minor release that includes new features and resolves several issues.

Features

Greenplum Database 6.1.0 includes these new features:

Greenplum Stream Server 1.3 is included, which introduces new features and bug fixes.

Note: Greenplum Stream Server (GPSS) and Greenplum-Kafka Integration users: Do not upgrade to Greenplum Database 6.1 if you plan to re-submit Kafka load jobs that you initiated with GPSS in Greenplum 6.0.x. Due to a regression, GPSS may load duplicate Kafka messages into Greenplum. Refer to Known Issues and Limitations for more information.

New GPSS features include:
- GPSS now supports log rotation, utilizing a mechanism that you can easily integrate with the Linux logrotate system. See the GPSS Documentation for more information.
- GPSS has added the new INPUT:FILTER load configuration property. This property enables you to specify a filter that GPSS applies to Kafka input data before loading it into Greenplum Database.
- GPSS displays job progress by partition when you provide the --partition flag to the gpsscli progress command.
- GPSS enables you to load Kafka data that was emitted since a specific timestamp into Greenplum Database. To use this feature, you provide the --force-reset-timestamp flag when you run gpsscli load, gpsscli start, or gpkafka load.
- GPSS now supports update and merge operations on data stored in a Greenplum Database table. The load configuration file accepts MODE, MATCH_COLUMNS, UPDATE_COLUMNS, and UPDATE_CONDITION property values to direct these operations.
- GPSS supports Kerberos authentication to both Kafka and Greenplum Database.
- GPSS supports SSL encryption between GPSS and Kafka.
- GPSS supports SSL encryption on the data channel between GPSS and Greenplum Database.
The DataDirect JDBC and ODBC drivers were updated to versions 5.1.4.000270 (F000450.U000214) and 07.16.0334 (B0510, U0363), respectively.

The DataDirect JDBC driver introduces support for the prepareThreshold connection parameter, which specifies the number of prepared statement executions that can be performed before the driver switches to using server-side prepared statements. This parameter defaults to 0, which preserves the earlier driver behavior of always using server-side prepare for prepared statements. Set a number greater than 1 to set a threshold after which server-side prepare is used.

Note: ExecuteBatch() always uses server-side prepare for prepared statements. This matches the behavior of the Postgres open source driver.

When the prepareThreshold value is greater than 1, parameterized operations do not send any SQL prepare calls with connection.prepareStatement(). The driver instead sends the query all at once, at execution time. Because of this limitation, the driver must determine the type of every column using the JDBC API before sending the query to the server. This determination works for many data types, but does not work for the following types that could be mapped to multiple Greenplum data types:
- BIT VARYING
- BOOLEAN
- JSON
- TIME WITH TIME ZONE
- UUIDCOL
You must set prepareThreshold to 0 before using parameterized operations with any of the above types. Examine the ResultSetMetaData object in advance to determine if any of the above types are used in a query. Also keep in mind that GPORCA does not support prepared statements that have parameterized values, and will fall back to using the Postgres Planner.

See PrepareThreshold in the DataDirect documentation.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.1.0 is a minor release that resolves these issues:

8804 - Server: In some cases, running the EXPLAIN ANALYZE command on a sorted query in utility mode would cause the segment to crash. This issue is fixed. Greenplum Database no longer crashes in this situation.
8636 - Server: Some users encountered Error: unrecognized parameter "appendoptimized" while creating a partitioned table that specified the appendoptimized=true storage parameter. This issue is fixed; the Greenplum Database server now properly recognizes the appendoptimized parameter when it is specified on partition table creation.
26225 - gpcheckcat: The gpcheckcat utility failed to generate a summary report if there was an orphan TOAST table entry in one of the segments. This is fixed. The string "N/A" is reported when there is no relation OID to report.
29580 - Management and Monitoring: During Greenplum Database startup, an extra empty log file was produced ahead of the current date while performing time-based rotation of log files. For example, if Greenplum started at midnight September 2nd, two log files were generated, gpdb-2019-09-02_000000.csv and gpdb-2019-09-03_000000.csv. This issue has now been fixed.
29984 - Server: During startup, idle query executor (QE) processes can commit up to 16MB of memory each, but they are not tracked by the Linux virtual memory tracker. In a worst-case scenario, these idle processes could trigger OOM errors that were difficult to diagnose. To prevent these situations, Greenplum now hard-codes a startup memory cost to account for untracked QE processes.
30112 - Query Optimizer: For some queries against partitioned tables that contain a large amount of data, GPORCA generated a sub-optimal query plan because of inaccurate cardinality estimation. This issue has been resolved. GPORCA cardinality estimation has been improved.
30183, 30184 - analyzedb: When running the analyzedb command with the --skip_root_stats option, the command could take a long time to finish when analyzing a partitioned table with many partitions due to how the root partition statistics were handled when the partitions were analyzed. This issue has been resolved. Now, only partition statistics are updated.

Note: GPORCA uses root partition statistics. If you use --skip_root_stats option, you should ensure that root partition statistics are up to date so that GPORCA does not produce inferior query plans due to stale root partition statistics.
30149 - Query Execution: A query might fail and return an error with the message invalid seek in sequential BufFile when the server configuration file gp_workfile_compression is on and the query spills to temporary workfiles. The error was caused due to an issue working with workfiles that contain compressed data. The issue has been resolved by correctly handling the compressed workfile data.
30150 - Query Execution: A query might fail and return with the message AssignTransactionId() called by Segment Reader process when the server configuration parameter temp_tablespaces is set. The error was cause by an internal locking and transaction ID issue. This issue has been resolved by removing the requirement to acquire the lock.
30160 - Query Optimizer: GPORCA might return incorrect results when a the query contains a join predicate where one side is distributed on a citext column, and the other is not. GPORCA did not use the correct hash when generating a plan that redistributes the citext column. Now Greenplum Database falls back to the Postgres Planner for the specified type of query.
30183 - analyzedb: The analyzedb command could take a long time to finish when analyzing a table with many partitions. The command's performance has been greatly improved by waiting to update the root partition statistics until all leaf partitions of a table have been analyzed.
164823612 - gpss: GPSS incorrectly treated Kafka jobs that specified the same Kafka topic and Greenplum output schema name and output table name, but different database names, as the same job. This issue has been resolved. GPSS now includes the Greenplum database name when constructing a job definition.
167997441 - gpss: GPSS did not save error data to the external table error log when it encountered an incorrectly-formatted JSON or Avro message. This issue has been fixed; invoking gp_read_error_log() on the external table now displays the offending data.
168130147 - gpss: In some situations, specifying the --force-reset-earliest flag when loading data failed to read from the correct offset. This problem has been fixed. (Using the --force-reset-xxx flags outside of an offset mismatch scenario is discouraged.)
168393571 - Query Optimizer: Certain queries with btree indexes on Append Optimized (AO) tables were unnecessarily slow due to GPORCA selecting a scan with high transformation and cost impact. This issue has been fixed by improving GPORCA handling of btree type indexes.
168393645 - Query Optimizer: In some situations, a query ran slow because GPORCA did not produce an optimal plan when it encountered a null-rejecting predicate where an operand could be false or null, but not true. This issue is fixed; GPORCA now produces a more optimal plan when evaluating null-rejecting predicates for AND and OR operands.
168705484 - Query Optimizer: For certain queries with a UNION operator over a large number of children, GPORCA query optimization required a long time. This issue has been addressed by adding the ability to derive scalar properties on demand.
168707515 - Query Optimizer: Some queries in GPORCA were consuming more memory than necessary due to suboptimal memory tracking. This has been fixed by optimizing memory accounting inside GPORCA.
169081574 - Interconnect: Greenplum Database might generate a PANIC when the server configuration parameter gp_interconnect_type is TCP due to an issue with memory management during interconnect setup. The issue has been resolved by properly managing the internal interconnect object memory.
169117536 - Execution: Greenplum Database might generate a PANIC when the server configuration parameter log_min_messages is set to debug5. Greenplum Database did not properly handle a debug5 message correctly. The issue is resolved.
169198230 - Plan Cache: A prepared statement might run slow because a cost model issue prevented Greenplum Database from generating a direct dispatch plan for the statement. This issue is fixed. Greenplum Database now introduces non-direct dispatch cost into the cost model only for cached plans, and tries to use direct dispatch for prepared statements when possible.

Release 6.0

Release 6.0.1

Release Date: 2019-10-11

Pivotal Greenplum 6.0.1 is a maintenance release that includes changed features and resolves several issues.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.0.1 includes these changed features:

The default value for the server configuration parameter optimizer_use_gpdb_allocators has been changed to true. Now, as the default, GPORCA uses Greenplum Database memory management when executing queries instead of GPORCA-specific memory management. Greenplum Database memory management has several enhancements when compared to GPORCA-specific memory management. See optimizer_use_gpdb_allocators.
Writing parquet data using the PXF Hadoop and object store connectors is no longer considered a Beta feature in this release.

Resolved Issues

Pivotal Greenplum 6.0.1 is a maintenance release that resolves these issues:

29712 - Query Execution

Greenplum Database writes unnecessary could not unlink file log messages for spill files when gp_enable_query_metrics is on and log_min_messages is set to INFO. This issue has been resolved. Logging has been improved to not write the log message.

30058 - Query Execution

An internal EXPLAIN function, cdbexplain_localExecStats, operated under the assumption that it was always executed by a query dispatcher (QD) process. However, certain queries could generate plans where the function was executed by a query executor (QE) process. Running such queries with EXPLAIN ANALYZE would cause all segments to crash with segment faults, and error messages referencing cdbexplain_localExecStats. This problem has been resolved.

30094 - Resource Management

In some cases Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when a query was terminated and the query involved catalog tables. The PANIC was caused when a backend process did not properly clean up shared memory before exiting. This issue has been resolved. Now backend process memory management has been improved for the specified situation.

30098 - COPY

Greenplum Database generated a PANIC when a COPY command attempted to write to a catalog table. This issue has been resolved, now Greenplum Database returns an error.

30120 - GRANT

The command GRANT ALL ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA <schema> TO <role> caused a PANIC when tables are partitioned or inherited by child tables. This issue has been fixed.

30130 - gpexpand

The gpexpand utility might have failed with a Cannot allocate memory error when system memory or swap space is low. The error was due to an issue with a python process library. This has been resolved by updating the python library.

165660593 - Resource Groups

When resource groups are enabled, Greenplum Database might return an out of memory error when executing a SET or SHOW command, or when executing a query when the Greenplum Database server configuration parameter gp_resource_group_bypass is set to true. The error is due to an issue with resource group memory accounting. This issue has been resolved, resource group memory accounting has been improved for individual statements.

167847839 - gpconfig

The code dispatched from the master to segments to set a configuration parameter enclosed the value in single quotes. This did not handle values containing embedded single quotes, and parameters with the GUC_LIST_QUOTE flag, such as search_path, ended up having different values on the segments than on the master. For example,

SELECT set_config('search_path', 'my_schema,public', false);

was dispatched as

SET search_path TO 'my_schema,public';

instead of

SET search_path TO my_schema,public;

This is fixed. The set_config() call is now dispatched to the segments as well, passing the (quoted) arguments directly so that the same code runs on the master and segments.

Known Issue 167851039 - PXF

pxf cluster reset did not reset PXF configuration on the standby master. This issue is fixed; the command now resets PXF configuration on all hosts in the Greenplum cluster, including the standby master.

Known Issue 167851065 - PXF

PXF allowed you to initialize PXF without setting PXF_CONF. This issue has been resolved. PXF now correctly checks for this setting before continuing with initialization.

Known Issue 167948506 - PXF

In some cases, accessing an S3 object store with PXF failed when PXF was configured for Kerberized Hadoop. This issue is fixed. PXF now handles token renewal appropriately on concurrent access to S3 and a Kerberized Hadoop cluster.

While not required, if you have previously instituted any of the workarounds identified for this issue that are described in Known Issues and Limitations, you may consider reverting the s3-site.xml modifications or removing the yarn-site.xml file from your S3 server directory.

168167337- gpinitsystem: When running gpinitsystem to initialize a Greenplum Database system with mirroring enabled, the utility configured the pg_hba.conf file in a manner that did not permit incremental recovery of the primary segment instances. This issue is fixed in release 6.0.1. The gpexpand, gprecoverseg, and gpaddmirrors utilities were also updated to ensure that primary and mirror segments always have compatible pg_hba.conf entries in place after performing their respective operations.
Known Issue 168271005 - PXF: The PXF JDBC Connector failed to access any database when PXF was configured to use the MapR Hadoop distribution, and MapR libraries were present in $PXF_CONF/lib. This issue has been resolved. A PXF MapR server configuration no longer affects JDBC access using PXF.
168759361 - psql: Greenplum Database was previously built and dynamically linked against libedit as a required dependency. However, the version of libedit that is available on Redhat 7 is not compatible with features such as tab-completion in psql. The readline library provides the same functionality as libedit, and all versions available across all supported platforms are compatible with the desired features. Therefore, instead of dynamically linking to libedit, Greenplum Database is now being built and dynamically linked to readline. This changes the required dependencies for the installers from libedit to readline.

Release 6.0.0

Release Date: 2019-09-03

Pivotal Greenplum 6.0.0 is a major new release of Greenplum that includes new and changed features.

New Features

Pivotal Greenplum 6 includes these new features.

PostgreSQL Core Features
Zstandard Compression Algorithm
Relaxed Rules for Specifying Table Distribution Columns
Replicated Table Data
Resource Groups Features
PL/pgSQL Procedural Language Enhancements
Concurrency Improvements in Greenplum 6
Additional Contrib Modules
PXF Version 5.8.1
Additional Greenplum Database Features

PostgreSQL Core Features

Pivotal Greenplum 6 incorporates several new features from PostgreSQL versions 8.4 through version 9.4.

INTERVAL Data Type Handling

PostgreSQL 8.4 improves the parsing of INTERVAL literals to align with SQL standards. This changes the output for queries that use INTERVAL labels between versions 5.x and 6.x. For example:

$ psql
psql (8.3.23)
Type "help" for help.

gpadmin=# select INTERVAL '1' YEAR;
 interval
----------
 00:00:00
(1 row)

$ psql
psql (9.2beta2)
Type "help" for help.

gpadmin=# select INTERVAL '1' YEAR;
 interval
----------
 1 year
(1 row)

See Date/Time Types for more information.

Additional PostgreSQL Features

Greenplum Database 6.0 also includes these features and changes from PostgreSQL:

Support for user-defined I/O conversion casts. (PostgreSQL 8.4).
Support for column-level privileges (PostgreSQL 8.4).
The pg_db_role_setting catalog table, which provides support for setting server configuration parameters for a specific database and role combination (PostgreSQL 9.0).
Values in the relkind column of the pg_class catalog table were changed to match entries in PostgreSQL 9.3.
Support for GIN index method (PostgreSQL 8.3).
Postgres Planner support for the SP-GiST index access method (PostgreSQL 9.2). (GPORCA ignores SP-GiST indexes.)
Postgres Planner support for ordered-set aggregates and moving-aggregates (PostgreSQL 9.4).
Support for jsonb data type (PostgreSQL 9.4).
DELETE, INSERT, and UPDATE supports the WITH clause, CTE (common table expression) (PostgreSQL 9.1).
Collation support to specify sort order and character classification behavior for data at the column level (PostgreSQL 9.1).

Note: GPORCA supports collation only when all columns in the query use the same collation. If columns in the query use different collations, then Greenplum uses the Postgres Planner.

Zstandard Compression Algorithm

Greenplum Database 6.0 adds support for zstd (Zstandard) compression for some database operations. See Enabling Compression.

Relaxed Rules for Specifying Table Distribution Columns

In previous releases, if you specified both a UNIQUE constraint and a DISTRIBUTED BY clause in a CREATE TABLE statement, then the DISTRIBUTED BY clause was required to be equal to or a left-subset of the UNIQUE columns. Greenplum 6.x relaxes this rule so that any subset of the UNIQUE columns is accepted.

This change also affects the rules for how Greenplum 6.x selects a default distribution key. If gp_create_table_random_default_distribution is off (the default) and you do not include a DISTRIBUTED BY clause, then Greenplum chooses the table distribution key based on the command:

If a LIKE or INHERITS clause is specified, then Greenplum copies the distribution key from the source or parent table.
If a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints are specified, then Greenplum chooses the largest subset of all the key columns as the distribution key.
If neither constraints nor a LIKE or INHERITS clause is specified, then Greenplum chooses the first suitable column as the distribution key. (Columns with geometric or user-defined data types are not eligible as Greenplum distribution key columns.)

Resource Groups Features

Greenplum Database includes these new resource group features:

You no longer are required to specify a MEMORY_LIMIT when you configure a Greenplum Database resource group. When you specify MEMORY_LIMIT=0, Greenplum Database will use the resource group global shared memory pool to service queries running in the group.

When you specify MEMORY_SPILL_RATIO=0, Greenplum Database will now use the statement_mem server configuration parameter setting to identify the initial amount of query operator memory.

When used together to configure a resource group (MEMORY_LIMIT=0 and MEMORY_SPILL_RATIO=0), these new capabilities provide a memory management scheme similar to that provided by Greenplum Database resource queues.

The default values of the MEMORY_SHARED_QUOTA, MEMORY_SPILL_RATIO, and MEMORY_LIMIT attributes for the admin_group and default_group resource groups have been set to use this resource queue-like memory management scheme so that when you initially enable resource groups, your queries will run in a memory environment similar to before.

Resource Group	admin_group	default_group
MEMORY_LIMIT	10	0
MEMORY_SHARED_QUOTA	80	80
MEMORY_SPILL_RATIO	0	0

PL/pgSQL Procedural Language Enhancements

PL/pgSQL in Greenplum Database 6.0 includes support for the following new features:

Attaching DETAIL and HINT text to user-thrown error messages. You can also specify the SQLSTATE and SQLERRMSG codes to return on a user-thrown error (PostgreSQL 8.4).
The RETURN QUERY EXECUTE statement, which specifies a query to execute dynamically (PostgreSQL 8.4).
Conditional execution using the CASE statement (PostgreSQL 8.4). See Conditionals in the PostgreSQL documentation.

Replicated Table Data

The CREATE TABLE command supports DISTRIBUTED REPLICATED as a distribution policy. If this distribution policy is specified, Greenplum Database distributes all rows of the table to all segment instances in the Greenplum Database system.

Note: The hidden system columns ( ctid, cmin, cmax, xmin, xmax, and gp_segment_id) cannot be referenced in user queries on replicated tables because they have no single, unambiguous value. Greenplum Database returns a column does not exist error for the query.

Concurrency Improvements in Greenplum 6

Greenplum Database 6 includes the following concurrency improvements:

Global Deadlock Detector - Previous versions of Greenplum Database prevented global deadlock by holding exclusive table locks for UPDATE and DELETE operations. While this strategy did prevent deadlocks, it came at the cost of poor performance on concurrent updates. Greenplum Database 6 includes a global deadlock detector. This backend process collects and analyzes lock waiting data in the Greenplum cluster. If the Global Deadlock Detector determines that deadlock exists, it breaks the deadlock by cancelling one or more backend processes. By default, the global deadlock detector is deactivated and table-level exclusive locks are held for table updates. When the global deadlock detector is enabled, Greenplum Database holds row-level exclusive locks and concurrent updates are allowed. See Global Deadlock Detector.
Transaction Lock Optimization - Greenplum Database 6 optimizes transaction lock usage both when you BEGIN and COMMIT a transaction. This benefits highly concurrent mixed workloads.
Upstream PostgreSQL Features - Greenplum 6 includes upstream PostgreSQL features, including those for fastpath lock, which reduce lock contention. This benefits concurrent short queries and mixed workloads.
VACUUM can more easily skip pages it cannot lock. This reduces the frequency of a vacuum appearing to be "stuck," which occurs when VACUUM waits to lock a block for cleanup and another session has held a lock on the block for a long time. Now VACUUM skips a block it cannot lock and retries the block later.
VACUUM rechecks block visibility after it has removed dead tuples. If all remaining tuples in the block are visible to current and future transactions, the block is marked as all-visible.
The tables that are part of a partitioned table hierarchy, but that do not contain data, are age-frozen so that they do not have to be vacuumed separately and do not affect calculation of the number of remaining transaction IDs before wraparound occurs. These tables include the root and intermediate tables in the partition heirarchy and, if they are append-optimized, their associated meta-data tables. This makes it unnecessary to vacuum the root partition to reduce the table's age, and eliminates the possibly needless vacuuming of all of the child tables.

Additional Contrib Modules

Greenplum Database 6 is distributed with these additional PostgreSQL and Greenplum contrib modules:

PXF Version 5.8.1

Greenplum Database 6.0 includes PXF 5.8.1, which introduces the following new and changed features:

The PXF S3 Connector now supports accessing CSV and Parquet data on S3 using the Amazon S3 Select service. Refer to Reading CSV and Parquet Data on S3 Using S3 Select.
PXF bundles new and upgraded libraries to provide Java 11 support.
PXF has added support for the timestamptz type when writing Parquet data to an external data source.
PXF now provides a reset command to reset your local PXF server instance, or all PXF server instances in the cluster, to an uninitialized state. See Resetting PXF.
PXF no longer supports specifying a DELIMITER in the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE command LOCATION URI.

Additional Greenplum Database Features

Greenplum Database 6.0 also includes these features and changes from version 5.x:

Recursive WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions) are no longer considered a Beta feature, and are now enabled by default. See WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions).
VACUUM was updated to more easily skip pages that cannot be locked. This change should greatly reduce the incidence of VACUUM getting "stuck" while waiting for other sessions.
appendoptimized alias for the appendonly table storage option.
New gp_resgroup_status_per_host and gp_resgroup_status_per_segment gp_toolkit views to display resource group CPU and memory usage on a per-host and/or per-segment basis.
The new gp_stat_replication view contains replication statistics when master or segment mirroring is enabled. The pg_stat_replication view contains only master replication statistics.
The gpfdists and psql programs in the Greenplum Client and Loader Tools package for Windows support OpenSSL encryption.
Greenplum 6 includes some PostgreSQL 9.6 aggregate-related performance improvements.
The gpload utility program provided in the Greenplum Client and Loader Tools package for Windows is compatible with Greenplum Database 5.

Greenplum 6.0 Beta Features

Because Pivotal Greenplum Database is based on the open source Greenplum Database project code, it includes several Beta features to allow interested developers to experiment with their use on development systems. Feedback will help drive development of these features, and they may become supported in future versions of the product.

Warning: Beta features are not recommended or supported for production deployments.

Key experimental features in Greenplum Database 6.0 include:

Storage plugin API for gpbackup and gprestore. Partners, customers, and OSS developers can develop plugins to use in conjunction with gpbackup and gprestore.

For information about the storage plugin API, see Backup/Restore Storage Plugin API.
Using the Greenplum Platform Extension (PXF) connectors to write Parquet data is a Beta feature.

Changed Features

Greenplum Database 6.0 includes these feature changes:

The performance characteristics of Greenplum Database under heavy loads have changed in version 6 as compared to previous versions. In particular, you may notice increased I/O operations on primary segments for changes related to GPSS, WAL replication, and other features. All customers are encouraged to perform load testing with real-world data to ensure that the new Greenplum 6 cluster configuration meets their performance needs.
gpbackup and gprestore are no longer installed with Greenplum Database 6, but are available separately on Pivotal Network and can be upgraded separately from the core database installation.
Greenplum 6 uses a new jump consistent hash algorithm to map hashed data values to Greenplum segments. The new algorithm ensures that, after new segments are added to the Greenplum 6 cluster, only those rows that hash to the new segment need to be moved. Greenplum 6 hashing has performance characteristics similar to earlier Greenplum releases, but should enable faster database expansion. Note that the new algorithm is more CPU intensive than the previous algorithm, so COPY performance may degrade somewhat on CPU-bound systems.
The older, legacy hash functions are represented as non-default hash operator classes, named cdbhash_*_ops. The non-default operator classes are used when upgrading from Greenplum Database earlier than 6.0. The legacy operator classes are compatible with each other, but if you mix the legacy operator classes with the new ones, queries will require Redistribute Motions.

The server configuration parameter gp_use_legacy_hashops controls whether the legacy or default hash functions are used when creating tables that are defined with a distribution column.

The gp_distribution_policy system table now contains more information about Greenplum Database tables and the policy for distributing table data across the segments including the operator class of the distribution hash functions.
The gpcheck utility is no longer included in Greenplum Database 6.
The input file format for the gpmovemirrors, gpaddmirrors, gprecoverseg and gpexpand utilities has changed. Instead of using a colon character : as a separator, the new file format uses a pipe character |. For example, in previous releases a line in a gpexpand input file would resemble:
```
sdw5:sdw5-1:50011:/gpdata/primary/gp9:11:9:p
```
The updated file format is:
```
sdw5|sdw5-1|50011|/gpdata/primary/gp9|11|9|p
```
In addition, gpaddmirrors removes the mirror prefix from lines in its input file. Whereas a line from the previous release might resemble:
```
mirror0=0:sdw1:sdw1-1:52001:53001:54001:/gpdata/mir1/gp0
```
The revised format is:
```
0=0|sdw1|sdw1-1|52001|53001|54001|/gpdata/mir1/gp0
```
Greenplum uses direct dispatch to target queries that use IS NULL, similar to queries that filter on the table distribution key column(s).
The gpinitsystem option to specify the standby master data directory changed from -F to -S. The -S option no longer specifies spread mirroring. A new gpinitsystem option is introduced to specify the mirroring configuration: --mirror-mode={group|spread}.
The default value of the server configuration parameter log_rotation_size has changed from 0 to 1GB. This changes the default log rotation behavior so that a new log file is opened when more than 1GB has been written to the current log file or when the current log file has been open for 24 hours.
The default value of the server configuration parameter effective_cache_size has changed from 512MB to 16GB.
The gpssh-exkeys utility now requires that you have already set up passwordless SSH from the master host to every other host in the cluster. Running gpssh-exkeys then sets up passwordless SSH from every host to every other host.
The gpstop smart shutdown behavior has changed. Previously, if you ran gpstop -M smart (or just gpstop), the utility exited with a message if there were any active client connections. Now, gpstop waits for current connections to finish before completing the shutdown. If any connections remain open after the timeout period, or if you interrupt with CTRL-C, gpstop lists the open connections and prompts whether to continue waiting for connections to finish, or to perform a fast or immediate shutdown. The default timeout period is 120 seconds and can be changed with the -t timeout_seconds option.
In the pg_stat_activity and pg_stat_replication system views, the procpid column was renamed to pid to match the associated change in PostgreSQL 9.2.
In the pg_proc system table, the proiswin column was renamed to proiswindow and relocated in the table to match the pg_proc system table in PostgreSQL 8.4.
Queries that use SELECT DISTINCT and UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT no longer necessarily return sorted output. Previously these queries always removed duplicate rows by using Sort/Unique processing. They now implement hashing to conform to behavior introduced in PostgreSQL 8.4; this method does not produce sorted output. If your application requires sorted output for these queries, alter the queries to use an explicit ORDER BY clause. Note that SELECT DISTINCT ON never uses hashing, so its behavior is unchanged from previous versions.
In the gp_toolkit schema, the gp_resgroup_config view no longer contains the columns proposed_concurrency, proposed_memory_limit, proposed_memory_shared_quota and proposed_memory_spill_ratio.
In the pg_resgroupcapability system table, the proposed column has been removed.
The pg_database system table datconfig column was removed. Greenplum Database now uses the pg_db_role_setting system table to keep track of per-database and per-role server configuration settings (PostgreSQL 9.0).
The pg_aggregate system table aggordered column was removed, and several new columns were added to the table to support ordered-set aggregates and moving-aggregates with the Postgres Planner (PostgreSQL 9.4). The ALTER/CREATE/DROP AGGREGATE SQL command signatures have also been updated to reflect the pg_aggregate catalog changes.
The pg_authid system table rolconfig column was removed. Greenplum Database now uses the pg_db_role_setting system table to keep track of per-database and per-role server configuration settings (PostgreSQL 9.0).
When creating and altering a table that has a distribution column, you can now specify the hash function used to distribute data across segment instances.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 removes the RECHECK option from ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY and CREATE OPERATOR CLASS DDL (PostgreSQL 8.4). Greenplum now determines whether an index operator is "lossy" on-the-fly at runtime.
Operator-related system catalog tables are modified to support operator families, compatibility, and types (ordering or search).
System catalog table entries for HyperLogLog (HLL) functions, aggregates, and types are modified to prefix names with gp_. Renaming the HLL functions prevents name collisions with external Greenplum Database extensions that use HLL. Any user code written to use the built-in Greenplum Database HLL functions must be updated to use the new gp_ names.
The data-type-specific lag() and lead() functions are removed and replaced with more generic function signatures. Additionally, the offset argument to the functions is changed from bigint to the integer data type. Refer to pg_upgrade Checks - Views with lead/lag functions using bigint in the gpupgrade documentation or About Migrating Views Created with lag()/lead() Functions in the Greenplum Database documentation for information about these changes and the required upgrade or migration actions.
The "legacy optimizer" from previous releases of Greenplum is now referred to as the Postgres planner in both the code and documentation.

The transaction isolation levels in Greenplum Database 6.0 are changed to align with PostgreSQL transaction isolation levels since the introduction of the serializable snapshot isolation (SSI) mode in PostgreSQL 9.1. The new SSI mode, which is not implemented in Greenplum Database, provides true serializability by monitoring concurrent transactions and rolling back transactions that could introduce a serialization anomaly. The existing snapshot isolation (SI) mode guarantees that transactions operate on a single, consistent snapshot of the database, but does not guarantee a consistent result when a set of concurrent transactions is executed in any given sequence.

Greenplum Database 6.0 now allows the REPEATABLE READ keywords with SQL statements such as BEGIN and SET TRANSACTION. A SERIALIZABLE transaction in PostgreSQL 9.1 or later uses the new SSI mode. A SERIALIZABLE transaction in Greenplum Database 6.0 falls back to REPEATABLE READ, using the SI mode. The following table shows the SQL standard compliance for each transaction isolation level in Greenplum Database 6.0 and PostgreSQL 9.1.

Requested Transaction Isolation Level	Greenplum Database 6.0 Compliance	PostgreSQL 9.1 Compliance
READ UNCOMMITTED	READ COMMITTED	READ COMMITTED
READ COMMITTED	READ COMMITTED	READ COMMITTED
REPEATABLE READ	REPEATABLE READ (SI)	REPEATABLE READ (SI)
SERIALIZABLE	Falls back to REPEATABLE READ (SI)	SERIALIZABLE (SSI)

The CREATE TABLESPACE command has changed.
- The command no longer requires a filespace created with the gpfilespace utility.
- The FILESPACE clause has been removed.
- The WITH clause has been added to allow specifying a tablespace location for a specific segment instance.
- A primary-mirror pair sharing the same content ID must use the same tablespace location.
The ALTER SEQUENCE SQL command has new clauses START [WITH] start and OWNER TO new_owner (PostgreSQL 8.4). The START clause sets the start value that will be used by future ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART commands, but does not change the current value of the sequence. The OWNER TO clause changes the sequence's owner.
The ALTER TABLE SQL command has a SET WITH OIDS clause to add an oid system column to a table (PostgreSQL 8.4). Note that using oids with Greenplum Database tables is strongly discouraged.
The CREATE DATABASE SQL command has new parameters LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE to specify the collation order and character classification for the new database.
The CREATE FUNCTION SQL command has a new keyword WINDOW, which indicates that the function is a window function rather than a plain function (PostgreSQL 8.4).
Specifying the index name in the CREATE INDEX SQL command is now optional. Greenplum Database constructs a default index name from the table name and indexed columns.
In the CREATE TABLE command, the Greenplum Database parser allows commas to be placed between a SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE clause and its cooresponding SUBPARTITION BY clause, and between consecutive SUBPARTITION BY clauses. Using this undocumented syntax will generate a deprecation warning message.
Superuser privileges are now required to create a protocol. See CREATE PROTOCOL.
The CREATE TYPE SQL command has a new LIKE=type clause that copies the new type's representation (INTERNALLENGTH, PASSEDBYVALUE, ALIGNMENT, and STORAGE) from an existing type (PostgreSQL 8.4).
The GRANT SQL command has new syntax to grant privileges on truncate, foreign data wrappers, and foreign data servers (PostgreSQL 8.4).
The LOCK SQL command has an optional ONLY keyword (PostgreSQL 8.4). When specified, the table is locked without locking any tables that inherit from it.
Using the LOCK table statement outside of a transaction raises an error in Greenplum Database 6.0. In earlier releases, the statement executed, although it is only useful when executed inside of a transaction.
The SELECT and VALUES SQL commands support the SQL 2008 OFFSET and FETCH syntax (PostgreSQL 8.4). These clauses provide an alternative syntax for limiting the results returned by a query.
The FROM clause can be omitted from a SELECT command, but Greenplum Database no longer allows queries that omit the FROM clause and also reference database tables.
The ROWS and RANGE SQL keywords have changed from reserved to unreserved, and may be used as table or column names without quoting.
In Greenplum 6, a query on an external table with descendants will by default recurse into the descendant tables. This is a change from previous Greenplum Database versions, which never recursed into descendants. To get the previous behavior in Greenplum 6, you must include the ONLY keyword in the query to restrict the query to the parent table.
The default value for the optimizer_force_multistage_agg server configuration parameter has changed from true to false. GPORCA will now by default choose between a one-stage or two-stage aggregate plan for a scalar distinct qualified aggregate based on cost.
The TRUNCATE SQL command has an optional ONLY keyword (PostgreSQL 8.4). When specified, the table is truncated without truncating any tables that inherit from it.
The createdb command-line utility has new options -l (--locale), --lc-collate, and --lc-ctype to specify the locale and character classification for the database (PostgreSQL 8.4).
The pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore utilities have a new --role=rolename option that instructs the utility to execute SET ROLE rolename after connecting to the database and before starting the dump or restore operation (PostgreSQL 8.4).
The pg_dump and pg_dumpall command-line utilities have a new option --lock-wait-timeout=timeout (PostgreSQL 8.4). When specified, instead of waiting indefinitely the dump fails if the utility cannot acquire shared table locks within the specified number of milliseconds.
The -d and -D command-line options are removed from the pg_dump and pg_dumpall utilities. The corresponding long versions, --inserts and --column-inserts are still supported. A new --binary-upgrade option is added, for use by in-place upgrade utilities.
The -w (--no-password) option was added to the pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore utilities.
The -D option is removed from the gpexpand utility. The expansion schema will be created in the postgres database.
The gpstate utility has a new -x option, which displays details of an in-progress system expansion. gpstate -s and gpstate with no options specified also report if a system expansion is in progress.
The pg_restore utility has a new option -j (--number-of-jobs) parameter. This option can reduce time to restore a large database by running tasks such as loading data, creating indexes, and creating constraints concurrently.
The vacuumdb utility has a new -F (--freeze) option to freeze row transaction information.
ALTER DATABASE includes the SET TABLESPACE clause to change the default tablespace.
CREATE DATABASE includes the COLLATE and CTYPE options for setting the collation order and character classification of the new database.
In the gp_toolkit schema, the gp_workfile_* views have changed due to Greenplum Database 6 workfile enhancements. See Checking Query Disk Spill Space Usage for information about gp_workfile_* views.
The server configuration parameter gp_workfile_compress_algorithm has been changed to gp_workfile_compression. When workfile compression is enabled, Greenplum Database uses Zstandard compression.
The Oracle Compatibility Functions are now available in Greenplum Database as an extension, based on the PostgreSQL orafce project at https://github.com/orafce/orafce. Instead of executing a SQL script to install the compatibility functions in a database, you now execute the SQL command CREATE EXTENSION orafce. The Greenplum Database 6.0 orafce extension is based on the orafce 3.7 release. See Oracle Compatibility Functions for information about differences between the Greenplum Database compatibility functions and the PostgreSQL orafce extension.
Greenplum Database 6 supports specifying a table column of the citext data type as a distribution key.
Greenplum Database 6 provides a single client and loader tool package that you can download and install on a client system. Previous Greenplum releases provided separate client and loader packages. For more information about the Greenplum 6 Clients package, refer to Client Tools in the platform requirements documentation.
Greenplum Database 6 includes both PostgreSQL-sourced and Greenplum- sourced contrib modules. Most of these modules are now packaged as extensions, and you register an extension in Greenplum with the CREATE EXTENSION name command. Refer to Installing Additional Supplied Modules for more information about registering contrib modules in Greenplum Database 6.
When Greenplum Database High Availability is enabled, a primary segment instance is kept up to date with the mirror segment instance using Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)-based streaming replication. See Overview of Segment Mirroring.

The gp_stat_replication view contains replication statistics when master or segment mirroring is enabled.

In previous releases, segment mirroring employed a physical file replication scheme.
In the gp_segment_configuration table, the replication_port has been removed. The datadir column has been added to display the segment instance data directory. The mode column values are now s (synchronized) or n (not synchronized). Use the gp_stat_replication view to determine the synchronization state.
The Greenplum Database 6 Client and Loader Tools package for Windows does not support running the gpfdist program as a native Windows service.

Removed Features

Pivotal Greenplum Database 6.0 removes these features:

The gpseginstall utility is no longer included. You must install the Greenplum software RPM on each segment host, as described in Installing the Greenplum Database Software.
The gptransfer utility is no longer included; use gpcopy for all functionality that was provided with gptransfer.
The gp_fault_strategy system table is no longer used. Greenplum Database now uses the gp_segment_configuration system table to determine if mirroring is enabled.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 removes the gpcrondump, gpdbrestore, and gpmfr management utilities. Use gpbackup and gprestore to back up and restore Greenplum Database.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 no longer supports Veritas NetBackup.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 no longer supports the use of direct I/O to bypass the buffering of memory within the file system cache for backup.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 no longer supports the gphdfs external table protocol to access a Hadoop system. Use the Greenplum Platform Extension Framework (PXF) to access Hadoop in version 6. Refer to pxf:// Protocol for information about using the pxf external table protocol.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 no longer supports SSLv3.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 removes the following server configuration parameters:
- gp_analyze_relative_error
- gp_backup_directIO
- gp_backup_directIO_read_chunk_mb
- gp_connections_per_thread
- gp_enable_sequential_window_plans
- gp_idf_deduplicate
- gp_snmp_community
- gp_snmp_monitor_address
- gp_snmp_use_inform_or_trap
- gp_workfile_checksumming
The undocumented gp_cancel_query() function, and the configuration parameters gp_cancel_query_print_log and gp_cancel_query_delay_time, are removed in Greenplum Database 6.
The string_agg(expression) function is removed from Greenplum 6. The function concatenates text values into a string. The string_agg(expression, delimiter) function is still supported.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 no longer supports the ability to configure a Greenplum Database system to trigger SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) alerts or send email notifications to system administrators if certain database events occur. Use Pivotal Greenplum Command Center alerts to detect and respond to events that occur in a Greenplum system.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 removes the gpfilespace utility. The CREATE TABLESPACE command no longer requires a filespace created with the utility.
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 no longer automatically casts text from the deprecated timestamp format YYYYMMDDHH24MISS. The format could not be parsed unambiguously in previous Greenplum Database releases. The format is not supported in PostgreSQL 9.4.

For example, this command returns an error in Greenplum Database 6. In previous releases, a timestamp is returned.
```
# select to_timestamp('20190905140000');
```
In Greenplum Database 6, this command returns a timestamp.
```
# select to_timestamp('20190905140000','YYYYMMDDHH24MISS');
```
Pivotal Greenplum Database 6 removes the --ignore-version option from the pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore utilities.
The gpcheck utility is no longer included.

Deprecated Features

Deprecated features will be removed in a future major release of Greenplum Database. VMware Greenplum 6.x deprecates:

Greenplum MapReduce, PL/Container 3 Beta and GreenplumR client (deprecated since 6.24.0).
The gpsys1 utility.
The analzyedb option --skip_root_stats (deprecated since 6.2).

If the option is specified, a warning is issued stating that the option will be ignored.
The server configuration parameter gp_statistics_use_fkeys (deprecated since 6.2).
The server configuration parameter gp_ignore_error_table (deprecated since 6.0).

To avoid a Greenplum Database syntax error, set the value of this parameter to true when you run applications that execute CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE or COPY commands that include the now removed Greenplum Database 4.3.x INTO ERROR TABLE clause.
Specifying => as an operator name in the CREATE OPERATOR command (deprecated since 6.0).
The Greenplum external table C API (deprecated since 6.0).

Any developers using this API are encouraged to use the new Foreign Data Wrapper API in its place.
Commas placed between a SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE clause and its corresponding SUBPARTITION BY clause, and between consecutive SUBPARTITION BY clauses in a CREATE TABLE command (deprecated since 6.0).

Using this undocumented syntax will generate a deprecation warning message.
The timestamp format YYYYMMDDHH24MISS (deprecated since 6.0).

This format could not be parsed unambiguously in previous Greenplum Database releases, and is not supported in PostgreSQL 9.4.
The createlang and droplang utilities (deprecated since 6.0).
The pg_resqueue_status system view (deprecated since 6.0).

Use the gp_toolkit.gp_resqueue_status view instead.
The GLOBAL and LOCAL modifiers when creating a temporary table with the CREATE TABLE and CREATE TABLE AS commands (deprecated since 6.0).

These keywords are present for SQL standard compatibility, but have no effect in Greenplum Database.
Using WITH OIDS or oids=TRUE to assign an OID system column when creating or altering a table (deprecated since 6.0).
Allowing superusers to specify the SQL_ASCII encoding regardless of the locale settings (deprecated since 6.0).

This choice may result in misbehavior of character-string functions when data that is not encoding-compatible with the locale is stored in the database.
The @@@ text search operator (deprecated since 6.0).

This operator is currently a synonym for the @@ operator.
The unparenthesized syntax for option lists in the VACUUM command (deprecated since 6.0).

This syntax requires that the options to the command be specified in a specific order.
The plain pgbouncer authentication type (auth_type = plain) (deprecated since 4.x).

Known Issues and Limitations

VMware Greenplum 6 has these limitations:

Upgrading a Greenplum Database 4 release to VMware Greenplum 6 is not supported. Upgrading a Greenplum Database 5.x release to VMware Greenplum 6 is supported via gpupgrade. For more information, see the gpupgrade documentation.
MADlib, GPText, and PostGIS are not yet provided for installation on Ubuntu systems.

The following table lists key known issues in VMware Greenplum 6.x.

Table 1. Key Known Issues in VMware Greenplum 6.x
Issue	Category	Description
N/A	Greenplum on vSphere	A known issue exists for I/O failures with `fsync` error messages that can cause queries to fail when Greenplum is experiencing heavy workload and running in VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi) from versions 7.0U3 to 7.0U3d. The only known resolution is upgrading or otherwise avoiding the impacted versions of ESXi. Refer to the [VMware Interoperability Matrix](https://interopmatrix.vmware.com/Interoperability?col=583,&row=0,&isHidePatch=false&isHideGenSupported=true&isHideTechSupported=true&isHideCompatible=false&isHideNTCompatible=false&isHideIncompatible=false&isHideNotSupported=true&isCollection=false) for the compatible versions of ESXi. For more information read the [Knowledge Base Article](https://community.pivotal.io/s/article/PANIC-could-not-fsync-file-base-XXXXX-XXXXX-Input-output-error?language=en_US)
N/A	Platform Support	A kernel issue in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5 and 8.6 can cause I/O freezes and synchronization problems with XFS filesystems. This issue is fixed in RHEL 8.7. See [RHEL8: xfs_buf deadlock between inode deletion and block allocation](https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6984334).
31010	Query Optimizer	A view created in Greenplum Database 5.28.3 or older that specified an external table in the `FROM` clause, and that was migrated to Greenplum Database 6.x, always falls back to the Postgres Planner when queried. Workaround: If you migrated a view from Greenplum Database 5.28.3 or earlier, and the view specified an external table in the `FROM` clause, you must drop and recreate the view in Greenplum 6.x to ensure that the Query Optimizer is exercised when you query the view.
N/A	Backup/Restore	Restoring the Greenplum Database backup for a table fails in Greenplum 6 versions earlier than version 6.10 when a replicated table has an inheritance relationship to/from another table that was assigned via an `ALTER TABLE ... INHERIT` statement after table creation. Workaround: Use the following SQL commands to determine if Greenplum Database includes any replicated tables that inherit from a parent table, or if there are replicated tables that are inherited by a child table: `SELECT inhrelid::regclass FROM pg_inherits, gp_distribution_policy dp WHERE inhrelid=dp.localoid AND dp.policytype='r'; SELECT inhparent::regclass FROM pg_inherits, gp_distribution_policy dp WHERE inhparent=dp.localoid AND dp.policytype='r';` If these queries return any tables, you may choose to run `gprestore` with the `-–on-error-continue` flag to not fail the entire restore when this issue is hit. Or, you can specify the list of tables returned by the queries to the `-–exclude-table-file` option to skip those tables during restore. You must recreate and repopulate the affected tables after restore.
N/A	Spark Connector	This version of Greenplum is not compatible with Greenplum-Spark Connector versions earlier than version 1.7.0, due to a change in how Greenplum handles distributed transaction IDs.
N/A	Greenplum on vSphere	Due to a corruption issue in vSAN 7.0.3., the most recent supported version of vSAN for Greenplum on vSphere is vSAN 7.0.2.
N/A	PXF	Starting in 6.x, Greenplum does not bundle `cURL` and instead loads the system-provided library. PXF requires `cURL` version 7.29.0 or newer. The officially-supported `cURL` for the CentOS 6.x and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.x operating systems is version 7.19.. Greenplum Database 6 does not support running PXF on CentOS 6.x or RHEL 6.x due to this limitation. Workaround:* Upgrade the operating system of your Greenplum Database 6 hosts to CentOS 7+ or RHEL 7+, which provides a `cURL` version suitable to run PXF.
29703	Loading Data from External Tables	Due to limitations in the Greenplum Database external table framework, Greenplum Database cannot log the following types of errors that it encounters while loading data: data type parsing errors unexpected value type errors data type conversion errors errors returned by native and user-defined functions `LOG ERRORS` returns error information for data exceptions only. When it encounters a parsing error, Greenplum terminates the load job, but it cannot log and propagate the error back to the user via `gp_read_error_log()`. Workaround: Clean the input data before loading it into Greenplum Database.
30594	Resource Management	Resource queue-related statistics may be inaccurate in certain cases. VMware recommends that you use the resource group resource management scheme that is available in Greenplum 6.
30522	Logging	Greenplum Database may write a `FATAL` message to the standby master or mirror log stating that the database system is in recovery mode when the instance is synchronizing with the master and Greenplum attempts to contact it before the operation completes. Ignore these messages and use `gpstate -f` output to determine if the standby successfully synchronized with the Greenplum master; the command returns `Sync state: sync` if it is synchronized.
30537	Postgres Planner	The Postgres Planner generates a very large query plan that causes out of memory issues for the following type of CTE (common table expression) query: the `WITH` clause of the CTE contains a partitioned table with a large number partitions, and the `WITH` reference is used in a subquery that joins another partitioned table. Workaround: If possible, use the GPORCA query optimizer. With the server configuration parameter `optimizer=on`, Greenplum Database attempts to use GPORCA for query planning and optimization when possible and falls back to the Postgres Planner when GPORCA cannot be used. Also, the specified type of query might require a long time to complete.
170824967	gpfdists	For Greenplum Database 6.x, a command that accesses an external table that uses the `gpfdists` protocol fails if the external table does not use an IP address when specifying a host system in the `LOCATION` clause of the external table definition.
n/a	Materialized Views	By default, certain `gp_toolkit` views do not display data for materialized views. If you want to include this information in `gp_toolkit` view output, you must redefine a `gp_toolkit` internal view as described in Including Data for Materialized Views.
168957894	PXF	The PXF Hive Connector does not support using the `Hive` profiles to access Hive transactional tables. Workaround:* Use the PXF JDBC Connector to access Hive.
168548176	gpbackup	When using `gpbackup` to back up a Greenplum Database 5.7.1 or earlier 5.x release with resource groups enabled, `gpbackup` returns a column not found error for `t6.value AS memoryauditor`.
164791118	PL/R	PL/R cannot be installed using the deprecated `createlang` utility, and displays the error: `createlang: language installation failed: ERROR: no schema has been selected to create in` Workaround: Use `CREATE EXTENSION` to install PL/R, as described in the documentation.
N/A	Greenplum Client/Load Tools on Windows	The Greenplum Database client and load tools on Windows have not been tested with Active Directory Kerberos authentication.
N/A	Greenplum Installation	For Greenplum Database 6.16.1 and 6.16.2, the library `libevent` is not listed as a dependency for the rpm for RHEL 7. Resolved in 6.16.3.